故障现象:
一辆行驶里程约4万km的大众大众速腾1. 6L轿车。车主反映:该车夜间行车时发动机怠速不稳,转速时而升高后又回落,但白天行驶时怠速正常。
故障诊断:
首先冷车起动发动机,怠速正常,转速为680~720r/min、暖机到发动机正常工作温度后,使用故障诊断仪查询各电控单元,均无故障码。
查看发动机电控系统数据流,均在正常范围内。对发动机上各相关传感器进行初步检查,没有发现异常情况。考虑到该车在夜间使用时出现的故障现象,就模拟夜间使用模式打开前照灯,这时发动机怠速仍然正常,但当发动机冷却液温度达到95℃,冷却风扇开始低速运转时,发动机转速出现轻微提升。随着发动机冷却液温度升高达到99℃,冷却风扇全速工作时,突然发动机怠速明显升高(9600~1050r/min ),但当冷却风扇停止工作后,发动机怠速又回到正常工作状态。这样,只要冷却风扇高速运转,发动机怠速就会明显提升,等到风扇停止工作后,发动机怠速才正常。
由此考虑到电控发动机在供电系统电压不足的情况下,特别是夜间前照灯接通用电量增大,电控系统对发动机供油量进行修正,提高怠速以补偿供电系统电压不足。随后在检查供电系统时,发现蓄电池负极接线柱搭铁线严重氧化,接线柱接触不良。清洁蓄电池接线柱并更换负极搭铁线后再测试发动机,当冷却风扇高速运转,发动机怠速轻微提升后就回到正常转速,故障消除。
故障分析:
为了确保蓄电池有足够的电量,使发动机能够顺利起动和正常运转,速腾车上采用用电负载(电能)管理系统即车载电源控制单元根据蓄电池电压、发动机转速、发电机的DFM信号的相关数据对蓄电池电压进行评估。当蓄电池电压低于一定值时,车载电源控制单元便提高发动机怠速以补偿供电系统电压(该系统也用在一汽一大众新车型迈腾上),并适当关闭舒适功能的用电设备。车载电源控制单元按下列3种管理模式对用电系统进行控制。
(1)模式一
15号线接通,发电机处于工作状态。如果蓄电池电压低于12. 7V,则车载电源控制单元要求发动机的怠速提升。如果蓄电池的电压低于12. 2V,座椅加热、后窗加热、后视镜加热、转向盘加热、脚坑照明和门内把手照明功能被关闭,全自动空调耗能降低或空调关闭,信息娱乐系统被关闭。
(2)模式二
15号线接通,发电机处于停机状态。如果蓄电池的电压低于12. 2V,空调耗能降低或空调关闭,脚坑照明、门内把手照明、上下车灯和离家功能被关闭,信息娱乐系统被关闭。
(3)模式三
15号线断开,发电机处于停机状态。如果蓄电池的电压低于11. 8V,车内灯、脚坑照明、门内把手照明、上下车灯、离家功能被关闭,信息娱乐系统被关闭。
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