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奔驰在2016年对旗下的大部分车型都进行了重命名,眼前的这台ML也不例外,如果不是我告诉你,单纯的通过名字,或许你永远都不会知道这两个名字是形容一台车的。它的全新名字叫做GLE,外观并没有做出很大的改变。基本上保留了上一代ML所有性格特征,给人的感觉依旧是那么的霸气。
这辆行驶了十五万公里的奔驰ML报出了P0422 左侧尾气催化净化器的功效过低故障码,这个故障之前车主已经进行过了维修,更换三元催化器之后,仅仅是半年这个故障码又出现了。其实这个故障码背后的含义相对比较简单了,尾气催化净化器也就是三元催化器。
ECU报出三元催化器效率低的故障原因有两个,一是三元催化器真的坏掉了,二是后氧传感器的数据流发生错误,导致ECU误以为三元催化器坏了(后氧传感器是验证三元催化器好坏的唯一凭证)。通过读取发动机在运转时候的数据流就可以知道后氧传感器是否出现了问题。通过读取数据流发现后氧传感器的电压在0.2v~0.7v之间不断的变化,符合三元催化器出现问题之后的电压走势。说明后氧传感器是好的,直接更换三元催化器即可。
V型发动机的强势之处就是有两排单独的汽缸,同样也造就了两个三元催化器。出现问题的是左侧的三元催化器,所以只需要拆卸左侧即可。
这是被拆下来的左侧三元催化器,可以见到在三元催化器上面一共有两个氧传感器,一个是前氧传感器,另外一个是后氧传感器。三元催化器绝对比你知道的要复杂的多,它是为了降低排放污染物,将尾气的有害气体催化还原而存在的。其中前氧是主要控制空燃比,而后氧是用来检测三元催化器的好坏,这也是我之前为什么要看后氧传感器数据流的原因。
在三元催化器的另外一端就是直接跟发动机的排气歧管相连接的,发动机排气都是经过三元催化器然后再排入大气之中的。三元催化器对于环境改善来说具有重大意义,现在所有的燃油车都必须装配尾气处理装置,柴油车上还有尿素颗粒来对尾气进行更加深入的净化处理。
这是新三元催化器氧传感器的安装孔,从这个孔里面可以看到有着明显的蜂窝状物体。这个才是真正意义上的三元催化器,这个蜂窝状的物体就是三元催化器的陶瓷载体,上面附着了铂铑钯三种贵金属,这三种贵金属的还原和催化能力都很强。可以对尾气之中的CH化合物、CO、NOX化合物做出催化和还原,以达到符合排放标准。
这是被拆下来的旧的三元催化器,我在里面只看到了很小一部分的陶瓷载体。陶瓷载体的大小直接说明了催化器的工作能力,随着时间的流逝,催化能力会越来越低,这也是为什么才半年左右,就又报出催化器效率低的故障原因。就是配件的质量不合格~
新的三样换催化器并不具备氧传感器,所以要将旧的氧传感器拆卸下来安装到新的三元催化器上面。
在外观上其实是很难分辨出来是不是原厂货,现在的配件在外观上可以做到99%的逼真度。如果不是行业人士,几乎没有分辨的可能,只有用起来才真的知道差距是有多么的大了。
更换完毕新的三元催化器还需要对发动机进行路试,因为氧传感器需要在400摄氏度以上才能正常的工作,也是验证三元催化器好坏的重要参考标准之一。其实三元催化器的故障比价好解决了。重点考察的就是对三元催化器和后氧传感器的工作原理和控制方式的构成,还很多人没法深入了解,就只有通过不断的更换配件来测试。汽车后市场各种配件鱼龙混杂,车主需要有一定的甄别能力,其实考验的就是自己是否有那颗贪图便宜的心。
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