“
想靠充电来省钱,可能还是图样图森破。
很多人不管自己买电动车还是推荐别人买电动车,很大的一个理由是觉得,电费比油费便宜太多,买电动车一定比买汽油车更划算。
真是这样吗?
咱今天就详细掰扯掰扯。
拿比亚迪秦Pro来举栗子吧,恰好这款车同架构下既有汽油车又有电动车,看看三年之内45000km行驶里程,两款车谁的花销多。
– 能源成本
对汽油版秦Pro而言,工信部油耗6.5L/100km,油价取7元/L,三年的能源成本就是:45000km÷100km×6.5L×7元/L=20475元。
别说工信部油耗虚低,汽油车占便宜了,下面电动车计算也用工信部数据,大家一块儿作弊。
秦Pro EV超能版,也就是最便宜的,补贴后售价14.99万的车型工信部续航里程401km,电池能量53.1kWh,排除各种因素,通过很简单的计算可以得到百公里能耗:53.1kWh÷401km×100=13.2kWh/100km。
电价取0.4元/度(kWh),EV的三年能源成本是:45000km÷100km×13.2kWh×0.4元/度=2376元。
这里默认秦Pro EV的充电效率是100%,也就是花多少钱从充电桩取多少电,默认全部充进了电池,没有任何损耗。
从能源角度讲,电动车确实比汽油车省钱得多了。
但咱得看全用车周期内的成本,这可就不只能源成本一项了。
– 保险费用
汽油版秦Pro指导价最高在11.59万,宽松点算第一年保费4000元。
保费随时间逐年递减,三年的平均保费算3000元,那么汽油秦三年总保费就是9000元。
由于保险费用是按照指导价计算的,秦Pro EV的保险费用就高许多了,补贴前售价24.89万,第一年保费基本上要花8000元。
电秦保费同样随时间逐年递减,不过每年的差价基本不变,每年比汽油秦贵4000元,三年总保费就是21000元。
– 保养费用
汽油秦三年45000km大致需要保养8次,通常首保免费,总计花费7次保养费用,平均一次算400元,总共400×7=2800元。
另外汽油秦还需更换一次变速箱油,大概花费1000元,三年内总保养费用:2800+1000=3800元。
电动车保养比较简单,机械部分的保养仅需更换齿轮油,费用大概500元。
– 折旧费用
考虑到中国消费者普遍喜欢换车,勤换车的特点,咱们以3年作为本次计算的依据。
由于保值率受到成交价格、市场关系、政策、车型换代、质保期等多重因素影响,这里就只宏观地计算一下。
以二手车之家的数据作为参考,汽油秦的三年保值率为60.44%,从目前终端指导价算上购置税以后,折旧费用:(106400元÷1.17×10%+106400元)×(1-60.44%)=45689元。
而秦Pro EV三年保值率在59.28%,电动车享受购置税免费政策,终端成交价14.69万,折旧费用:146900×(1-59.28%)=59818元。
(两款车都还没有销售超过三年,以上数据只是推测)
咱们算算总账:
对于汽油版秦Pro来说20475元油费+9000元保险+3800元保养+45689元折旧,三年的总用车成本是78964元。
对纯电版秦Pro而言,2376元电费+21000元保险+500元保养+59818元折旧,三年的总用车成本是83694元。
这样一算,汽油版秦Pro还比电动车省4730元。
有人要不服气了,说秦Pro EV和汽油版根本就不是一个价,这么算保值率根本就不公平。
那好,咱找个同价位的汽油车来比比,同样是A级三厢家用轿车,指导价在14.58万的标杆车型卡罗拉旗舰版。
卡罗拉工信部油耗5.6L/100km,三年能耗成本17640元,保险费用15000元,保养还是3800元。
保值率大概在63.82%,三年折旧费(145800元÷1.17×10%+145800元)×(1-63.82%)=57259元。
所以价格相近的卡罗拉的三年总使用成本是17640+15000+3800+57259=93699元。
相比之下汽油车比电动车贵10005元,成本高出10%左右,但也远远没有达到加油和充电之间10倍的成本差别。
而且要注意,电动车的使用成本是在最省钱的情况下,全在家里用4毛一度的电充算下来的。一旦你需要到外面的公共充电桩充电,各种阶梯电价加上服务费,再算上因此产生的停车费又是大几千,那么这个成本优势将被进一步缩小。
另外,现实世界中电动车和汽油车的保值率差别,尤其是和卡罗拉这样的车型的差别,还要残酷许多。
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总结一下,电动车并不比汽油车用起来便宜多少,除非你打算这一辆车烂在自己手里十几二十年不换。
不过这样也有需要考虑的地方,比如电池衰减带来的越来越严重的续航短缺,比如使用年限增加以后的维修成本等等。
至于现阶段汽油车和电动车在使用方面的便利性,我就不多说了。
原创文章,作者:cesifu,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.cesifu.com/article/63987.html
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