刹车失灵在我们的用车生活中可谓是相当少见的,但是在交通事故中,刹车失灵占据的份额却不下3成。造成这种现象,更多地向我们说明了,刹车失灵不常见,但碰上了大部分都不知道如何处理。
其实,具体到不同车型、不同路况,相应的处理方式也会有所不同。这其中,又会有部分误区甚至是禁区,一些误操作或者不恰当操作很可能会适得其反,使得车辆更加失控,导致事故提前发生。因此,兵哥今天就手动变速箱、手自一体变速箱、CVT变速箱三种变速箱和一般道路、山区道路两种路况来为大家解析一下,当碰上刹车失灵,应该怎么做!
一般道路(城市道路、高速公路)
手动挡车型
当手动挡车型在一般道路中面临刹车失灵时,优先的做法是先平复心情,然后紧握方向盘控制好方向,并松开油门。紧接着,我们将挡位从高挡位向低挡位逐渐变更,利用此时的发动机牵引力拉低车速。最后,我们在配合手刹将车辆停下。
注意事项:这里面需要注意的地方有四点。其一,当发现刹车失灵时,切忌慌乱,打开门跳车这种选择应当在最后迫不得已时才考虑;其二,挡位的变更切忌挂入空挡,因为当车辆处于空挡时不但不会降低车速,面对长下坡路段还会使得车速进一步升高;
其三,手刹不能一拉到顶,应配合车速缓慢轻柔地拉,如同点刹一般,车速越快,拉得越慢,一下拉到底有拉断拉线的风险;其四,如果上述方法均不管用,千万不要将车辆熄火,因为熄火会使得车辆的助力关闭,车辆处于失控状态,后果更为严重。
手自一体车型
手自一体车型面对刹车失灵时的做法与手动挡车型类同。首先,我们将挡位切换至手动模式,然后将挡位降下,利用发动机牵引力降低车速,然后再通过手刹进行点刹。
注意事项:如果是电子驻车的车型,同样可以利用电子驻车来进行制动。目前市面上大多数配备电子手刹的车型需要长按(长拉)数秒后才会反应。相比机械手刹而言,电子驻车的好处在于一般不会出现抱死的情况,因此车辆也会相对减少一些失控的风险。
CVT车型
对于配备了手动模式的CVT车型来说,自然能够通过挂入手动模式执行上述提到的步骤。但并非全部CVT车型均有手动模式,因此面对刹车失灵时,CVT车型可选择将挡位挂入L挡,利用低速挡来降低车速。
注意事项:无论是搭载了什么类型的变速箱,都切记不能将挡位挂入空挡或者倒挡。空挡对于降低车速毫无帮助,甚至面对长下拨路段还有加速的风险。倒挡更多时候都是无法挂入,强行挂入有可能导致变速箱出现故障以至于车辆出现其它问题。
山区道路(盘山公路、高速公路)
山区道路的情况不分车型来解析,因为在处理方式上大多大同小异,但是在注意事项上却有所不同。在山区行车,路况大多较为复杂,弯道和坡道也往往较多。一方面,复杂的路况会使得刹车失灵带来的负面效果加剧,但另一方面,复杂的路况也为我们提供了更多的机会。
当我们将车辆挂入低挡位且速度不高时,遇上上坡路段时就能将发动机牵引力更大地发挥出来帮助我们将车子停下。需要注意的是,车辆停好后要挂入停车挡并拉起手刹,用石块等物体顶住轮胎,以防车辆下滑。如果遇到的是下坡路段,也请不要慌张。需要注意不要将手刹持续拉紧以免拉线被扯断,保持行车寻求机会。
此外,在山区路段的高速公路处大多设有自救匝道,这段匝道是由砂石路面铺设,尽头垫有轮胎。当遇到这类道路时请不要犹豫地将车辆驶入,随着行驶过程中车辆陷入沙石中最终会停下,即便无法停下也还有尽头处的轮胎用作缓冲。
此外,如果上述方法均无效,那就用车辆剐蹭山道一侧进行减速,或者寻求一些较软的障碍物进行碰撞,较细的树木、软泥路面、沙石路面、土墩等物体和路况皆能有效帮助车辆减速。
当遇上刹车失灵时,大家一定要保持冷静,通过有效的方法进行减速,同时也要避免误操作增加风险。及时联系警察、打开双闪灯以提醒来往车辆注意都是有效手段。但要想避免这类风险的出现,还得依赖大家平日里多加注意车辆的制动系统,多注意、多观察、多保养,防范于未然才是上策。
原创文章,作者:cesifu,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.cesifu.com/article/11524.html
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