1）故障现象
①此响声一般出现在发动机大修后的走合期。即发动机在怠速运转时出现“嗒嗒嗒”声，略像活塞敲缸的声音，而温度升高后，响声不但不消失，反而稍重一些，且有时还带有“吭吭”的声音，发动机稍有抖动现象；
②断火试验仍有响声，但严重拉伤后也出现活塞敲缸响，不过此时做断火试验时响声有减弱；
③拉伤到一定程度时，出现发动机突然熄火现象；
④严重时，从加机油口处往外冒烟。
2）故障原因分析
①活塞与缸壁间隙过小或活塞膨胀系数过大；
②活塞椭圆度不足或反椭圆；
③活塞头部尺寸大，活塞环背隙或端隙过小；
④活塞销与销座孔配合过紧，致使活塞变形胀大；
⑤机油不足或润滑孔道堵塞，润滑不良；
⑥发动机缺水，温度过高；
⑦发动机长时间高速运转，尤其在走合期内；
⑧全浮式活塞销未装锁环，半浮式活塞销固定螺钉未拧紧，活塞销轴向窜动拉缸。
3）检查与修复
①发动机运转中，出现类似敲缸的现象，但声音不是随发动机温度的升高而减弱消失，可初步断定为拉缸响声；
②拆下汽缸盖，检查缸壁的拉伤情况，并找出拉伤原因。如只是由于活塞与缸壁配合较紧而轻微拉伤时，可稍磨一下缸壁，仍可用原活塞装复。
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