汽车三大件——发动机、变速箱和底盘,硬件是否过硬,是很多消费者特别在意的。所以每年“沃德十佳发动机”、“2018国际最佳发动机”两项发动机评选结果都备受关注。2018年车市也有不少新的动力总成运用到新车上,大家一起来看看,你买的新车是不是搭的它们。
马自达不再执拗玩起了涡轮
在涡轮增压发动机横行的汽车市场中,马自达曾经一直坚持走自己路,研发自然吸气发动机,但是,面对涡轮发动机的普及,马自达终于不再执拗,也进入了涡轮时代。
在新一代CX-9上,就搭载一台2.5T涡轮增压四缸发动机,最大功率253马力,峰值扭矩达到了420牛米,与之匹配了6AT变速箱,压缩比为10.5:1,并且得益于更好的排气以及尺寸更小的涡轮,这台发动机的峰值扭矩从2000r/min时便能够获得,这使日常驾驶更加轻松。
虽然是涡轮,但配合马自达引以为傲的“创驰蓝天”技术,经济性依旧可观。未来马自达CX-8和新款阿特兹是否会引进,有待验证,很期待。
日产的黑科技——可变压缩比
当年马自达发布创驰蓝天发动机时,凭借着“可变压缩比”的噱头吸引了众多粉丝,但其实马自达创驰蓝天发动机并非是真正意义上的“可变压缩比”发动机,
日产从上世纪末就开始着手研发可变压缩比技术,从最初的图纸到正式量产一共用了20年的时间。日产 VC-TURBO智控引擎(可变压缩比涡轮增压发动机)的到来,对于汽车行业来说具有非同一般的意义,它的出现意味着发动机已经进入了一个新的时代。
鱼和熊掌可以兼得
日产VC-TURBO智控引擎的诀窍就在曲柄连杆机构,它在传统的曲轴轴颈上增加了一个多连杆,多连杆一端接活塞连杆另一端接偏心轴的连杆,偏心轴又与右侧的电机控制臂连接。电机顺时针或者逆时针旋转时就会带动控制臂拉伸,使偏心轴的连杆往上或往下移动,恰好偏心轴连杆又与曲轴轴颈上的多连杆连接,通过杠杆原理让活塞可以往上或者往下移动约6毫米。
通过改变活塞上止点与下止点的位置,燃烧室的容积就可以随之变化,如果活塞上止点往下移动那么燃烧室容积变大压缩比降低,活塞上止点往上移动燃烧室容积变小压缩比提高。
这套巧妙的多连杆机构使发动机压缩比可以在8:1-14:1之间无缝切换,发动机低负荷运转时立即切换成高效率模式,使用14:1的高压缩比提高燃油经济性,当高负荷运转时又马上切换成高性能模式,使用8:1的低压缩比降低爆震增加输出功率。
三菱用2.2T柴油机+8AT变速箱
三菱2018年推不少新车,比如全新的MPV—Delica以及一款紧凑级的SUV—三菱Eclipse Cross,两者定位不同,但都会搭载三菱的2.2T柴油发动机,Eclipse Cross还会匹配8AT变速箱。
在城市SUV当道的今天,三菱推柴油机,有点对标哈弗H6的意思,当然价格要控制住,顶配不超过15万则有戏。
本田2.0T和10AT加速惊人
本田的1.5T不牢靠了?它还有2.0T+10AT组合,加速5.9秒,海外版雅阁搭载的就是这组动力系统。它给驾驶员最直观的感受就是在动力的衔接上更加的平顺,而且可以承受更大的动力扭矩,可惜这款黄金组合到国产雅阁上就被阉割了,一来考虑到国内用户的经济性要求,二来也是成本所限。
不过,全新一代讴歌RDX已在2018年年底上市,其搭载2.0T 直喷VTEC涡轮增压发动机,最大功率为195kW,最大扭矩为380N•m,发动机在3000-4000rpm即可达到峰值扭力,传动部分匹配同级唯一的10AT变速箱,这套被誉为“黑科技”的动力系统可是国内众多雅阁车主梦寐以求“玩具”,现在用到RDX上是否也算是圆满了。
大众、福特从双离合转战8AT
2018年北美车展亮相的8代捷达(全新速腾)和新福克斯都搭载了8AT变速箱,它在平顺性、传动效率、换挡感受上要好于双离合变速箱。其实,国内用户一直对双离合变速箱诟病颇多,散热差、顿挫强、热衰减明显,直接影响车主的乘驾体验和维护成本,简直“有毒”,所以,大众和福特同时抛弃双离合,是件让人高兴的事。
但不要高兴太早,国外和国内可不一定是对等的,大众在国外用8AT,到国内用双离合的可能性还是蛮高的……(来源:汽车消费网,汽车工艺师改编)
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