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1.宝马Z4引进2款新型2.0 L发动机
近期,宝马针对其2019款Z4车型开发了2款新型4缸发动机,这2款2.0 L涡轮增压直喷汽油机的输出功率与上代机型相比增加了9.6 kW。
Z4小改型sDrive30i所搭载的发动机输出的最大功率为191 kW,峰值扭矩为400 N•m。这意味着其0~100 km/h的加速时间为5.4 s。开发新机型时,重点考虑到其效率和排放,因此这款最大输出功率191 kW的动力总成提供的综合油耗为7.3~7.5 L/100 km,并且CO2的排放值为138 g/km。Z4 sDrive20i车型匹配的是另一台低功率发动机,在转速4 500~6 000 r/min之间的最大输出功率为147 kW。新款sDrive20i发动机平均燃油耗为7.1~7.3 L/100 km,且产生的CO2排放值为138 g/km。
除了2.0 L发动机,Z4还将搭载一款直列6缸发动机,且采用了宝马M高性能TwinPower涡轮技术。其他独出心裁的技术特征包含水冷式集成缸盖中的排气歧管,调谐的涡轮响应,燃油直喷技术,当前燃油泵的工作压力已经增大到35 MPa。此款6缸机的最大输出功率为250 kW,峰值扭矩为500 N•m。
所有Z4车型版本都匹配了8速SteptronicSport变速器。除了宽泛的速比范围外,最新版本的自动变速器还能提供更加流畅的换档过程。
2.第四代福特福克斯ST搭载2.3 L EcoBoost发动机
福特已经发布了由福特性能部门开发的全新福克斯ST车型,这款掀背车将会搭载一款2.3 L EcoBoost汽油机或一款2.0 L EcoBlue柴油机,其分别能输出206 kW和140 kW的功率。
这款2.3 L EcoBoost全铝发动机是为福克斯ST提供的动力性最强的机型,其采用先进的涡轮增压技术,在5 500 r/min时能够输出高达206 kW的功率,在3 000~4 000 r/min的转速范围内最大扭矩可达420 N•m。由于其采用小惯量双流道涡轮增压器,发动机的响应性得以增强;采用分离气道能够减小废气脉冲之间的干涉,能更有效地利用废气能量。电动执行废气阀可对增压压力进行近距离控制,大幅优化了发动机性能。此外,排气系统背压减小,以及订做的进气系统和中冷器的优化,发动机的进气过程均得以改善。
起初为GT和F-150 Raptor皮卡开发的涡轮反迟滞系统同样被引用到最新的ST车型上,当驾驶员抬起油门踏板时,节气门体保持打开,缓解来自涡轮机的气流倒流现象,从而保持压缩机叶轮转速,保证所需的增压压力得以快速建立。
除了该款2.3 L汽油机,福特最新款的ST将搭载一款输出功率为140 kW的2.0 L EcoBlue发动机,此机型是为福特福克斯车型提供的动力性最强的柴油机,其额定转速为3 500 r/min,在2 000~3 000 r/min之间输出的峰值扭矩为400 N•m。该款柴油机的特色是匹配有小惯量可变几何截面涡轮增压器(VTG),钢质活塞可缓解热膨胀效应,并且集成进气系统采用镜像进气口来优化燃烧。
与这两款发动机匹配的是福特6速手动变速器,能够促进更加急迫的换档需求,与标准福克斯相比其换档次数能减少达7%。在新款福特野马上采用的福特最新升降档自动补油功能(rev-matching)技术作为高性能部件的一部分,同样被应用至2.3 L EcoBoost手动车型上。其传递平顺,降档快速,该技术伴随着换档指示灯,并且采用发动机的电子控制系统简单控制节气门体,同时使所选的档位与发动机转速相匹配。
Rev-matching技术使缺乏驾驶经验的驾驶员,在无缝的跟趾动作(heel and toe)驾驶技巧影响下,能够确保换档效果;同时让有驾驶经验的驾驶员,根据自身需求解除该系统连接。
福特对其7速自动变速器上的齿轮差异性能进行了优化,对个别驾驶风格进行评估后,对换档时刻的增强主动式换档时间控制(Adaptive ShiftScheduling)进行优化,从而增加其适应性及在公路和制式跑道上使用时的区别能力。驾驶员可使用方向盘上设置的换档拨片进行手动换档。
作者:Sam Petters
整理:王少辉
编辑:伍赛特
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