车灯之于汽车,就像眼睛对于人体一样,直到你发现它出了问题,你才意识到它的重要性。数据显示,车辆总行驶里程的25%是处于晚上或者自然光线不足的情况下,而在此种情况下所发生的涉及到人身伤害的事故占33%,同时,约50%的死亡事故都是发生在夜间。
回顾汽车百年发展史,车灯如影随形,却也是不断抗争的过程。从照明问题到寿命问题,到功耗问题再到防护问题,新的课题接连涌现,不断有变革者降临。每一个划时代变革的出现,都是挽救无数人生命的功绩。
百年车灯进化史
从煤油到激光
1885年,卡尔•本茨发明了世界上第一辆汽车。相传,这辆汽车最初没有任何照明设备。有驾驶员黑夜中驾驶这辆车中途迷路,最后靠一位农民手提煤油灯指引他回到了家。随后,煤油灯成为汽车的标配。
在早期的几十年间,车灯的主要重点在于照明。尽可能保证车灯亮度足够,且有更长的使用寿命。1905年开始,乙炔灯因为亮度更高受到了青睐,成为车灯首选。但乙炔灯的亮度不稳定,车一旦低速行驶,车灯亮度会变暗。另外,一旦赶上雨雪天气,灯光会直接被浇灭。所以,乙炔灯仅盛行了20年。
1925年,钨丝白炽灯进入公众视野,凭借照射强度高、抗震性强的特点盛行了近40年。但钨丝有升华现象,使用一段时间车灯会变黑,同时,跟家用白炽灯一样,车灯的照明效果也不好,一直到20世纪60年代,卤素灯的出现解决了基本的照明问题。卤素灯比普通白炽灯亮度高1.5倍,灯泡寿命延长2-3倍。不过,随着技术的进步,亮度和光线问题也得到了进一步的提升。
至此,车灯的重点在实现更高的性能优化,解决长久以来未能完全解决的问题。1992年开始的氙气车灯,光照亮度高于卤素灯三倍,光色与日光近乎相同,寿命长达10余年而获得青睐。2004年,LED进入汽车,LED功耗更低,价格更低,寿命更长,元件不易破碎。2008年,激光灯凭借更大的照射范围,恶劣天气下更好的照射效果而被列入车灯的选择。
如今,照明问题在技术层面已经做到了同步,不过,车灯的进化还不能说画上了句号。一项关键的问题在百年发展过程中始终没有彻底解决——防水和透气问题。
变革者
GORE 车灯防水透气的60年研发路
几乎所有的新车,开一段时间后大灯外壳内都会有雾气凝结现象,车灯起雾看似是正常的自然现象,实际上不但影响美观,还会影响照明效果,进而引发交通事故。很多车主无奈去4S店进行除雾,但这显然不能根治起雾问题。
消除凝雾的做法目前主要有两种——加装透气管或者是透气管+透气盖组合。但问题在于,透气管虽然能通过对流消除凝露,但灰尘、污物颗粒、昆虫等异物也会一同进入,改善效果并不明显。透气管和透气盖组合的方式虽然可以阻断异物进入,但这些异物会在透气盖沉积,最终会影响透气性。
如何才能兼顾异物防护和凝雾消除?作为防水透气膜的发明者,戈尔公司提出了全新的思路。
60年以来的潜心研发,戈尔公司采用膨体聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE)材料来制造胶黏式防水透气产品。膨体聚四氟乙烯材料具有极其紧密的网状微孔,孔径约为水滴的两万分之一,可阻隔大小低至1.0微米的微小水滴和污物颗粒,保证车灯不会收到异物的影响。
与此同时,戈尔公司发明的防水透气膜上拥有数十亿个微孔。这些比空气分子大700倍的微孔确保了该产品可实现可靠的透气量和压力平衡,其专有的微孔透气膜可以让空气和气体自由通过,因而水分能够在产生冷凝问题之前扩散掉。
所以,不管是刮风下雨,还是浮尘扬尘,戈尔公司的防水透气膜都能保证液体、异物不能突破1微米的微小尺度。同时,不管是内外温差有多么显著,防水透气膜都能有效地实现扩散,让水汽顺利扩散出大灯。当下,这款防水透气膜已经成为众多国际汽车车厂商普遍采用的解决方案,目前已应用于数百万的汽车车灯上。
GORE®车灯
防水透气产品——车灯防护进入“激光时代”
GORE®车灯防水透气产品将困扰百年的车灯防护问题提升了一个台阶,它让车灯的透光、透气防水性能有了显著的改善。但戈尔公司并没有躺在功劳簿上等待赞誉,而是不断升级产品性能,在尾灯的防水透气应用上开发了新的系列。
在原有的基础上新的系列更好地实现除雾效率,更好保障车主的安全 更持久的对于颗粒、液体、水的全面防护。
戈尔通过与日本汽车厂商合作,进行了长达1年的使用观察。戈尔公司在同一款尾灯上分别使用戈尔新尾灯系列产品和透气盖,观察车灯内水汽扩散情况。数据统计结果显示,使用戈尔产品低于凝露点的时间占75.2%,为透气盖的将近3倍。
从普通车灯到GORE®车灯防水透气产品,在技术的进步上,相当于从氙气车灯时代进化到激光车灯时代。更有效地解决了防异物、透气除雾的问题,保证车灯的照明效果可以更好地发挥。从这个角度审视,戈尔公司在车灯百年进化史上算得上真正的变革者。
如今,戈尔公司已成为汽车行业中提供创新透气解决方案的可靠合作伙伴,多年来一直深得众多知名制造商的信赖。这是产品创新带来的客观效果,也是对创新者最好的褒奖。
原创文章,作者:cesifu,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.cesifu.com/article/25172.html
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