安全气囊最早是由赫特里克于1953年8月提出,并获得了美国“汽车缓冲安全装置”专利。是一种被动安全性(见汽车安全性能)的保护系统,它与座椅安全带配合使用,可以为乘员提供有效的防撞保护。
那么问题来了,汽车的安全气囊是怎样弹出来的呢?
汽车行驶过程中,传感器系统向控制装置发送速度变化信息,由中央控制器对这些信息加以分析判断,如果所测的速度或者加速度超过了系统预定值,也就是说发生了真正的碰撞,中央控制器就会向气体发体发生器发出点火命令,点火后发生爆炸反应,打开安全气囊,达到保护乘员的目的。
安全气囊所要做的就是将乘客的速度降为零,同时确保乘客受到较少的损伤,甚至毫发无损。安全气囊的使用非常严格。安全气囊只能在乘客和方向盘或仪表板之间的有限空间内发挥作用,并且必须在几分之一秒的时间内完成使命。不过,如果安全气囊系统能够匀速降低乘客的速度,而不是让他的运动骤然而止,那么即便是如此有限的距离和时间也是很有价值的。
安全气囊有三个部件可以助其完成这项本领:气囊自身由纤细的尼龙纤维制成,折叠后装入方向盘或仪表盘。近来还出现了装入座椅或车门的气囊。
并不是所有的碰撞都会打开安全气囊!
传感器是通知气囊充气的设备。只有当撞击力相当于以16-24公里/小时的速度撞击砖墙时,气囊便会开始充气。当质量位移使电接触断开时,机械开关将会被触动,告知传感器发生撞击,传感器从内置于微芯片中的加速计接收信号。
安全气囊充气系统中的叠氮化钠(NaN3)和硝酸钾(KNO3)发生反应,生成氮气。氮气形成的热流会让气囊迅速膨胀。
如果速度过低、侧面撞击、后方碰撞或侧翻等情况,安全气囊将不起作用!不要草率的认为,只要发生碰撞,安全气囊就一定会开启。
气囊充气系统的原理
气囊充气系统与固体火箭助推器的原理相同。安全气囊系统点燃的是“固体推进剂”,后者的燃烧极为迅速,可产生大量气体为气囊充气。随后,气囊爆炸般地冲出原始安装位置,时速高达322公里,比眨一下眼睛还要快!1秒之后,气体通过气囊上的小孔迅速消散,气囊收缩,因此乘客又可以自由移动。
在装有安全气囊系统的容器外部都印有Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System简称“SRS”,翻译成中文就是“辅助可充气约束系统”。它们被安装在汽车的这些位置,大家一定要注意!
1、前方气囊:驾驶员前方向盘中央,为了避免不必要的引爆安全气囊,所以不要重击方向盘中央位置。
2、乘客气囊:安装在正方的仪表盘内,不要在此位置放置物品,以免带来危险。
3、侧边气囊:安装在座椅的外侧,或者安装在侧门的上框,也有车型会安装在a柱上。
4、膝部气囊:膝部气囊安装在仪表盘下方。
原创文章,作者:cesifu,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.cesifu.com/article/2888.html
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