你有没有想过，一辆新车，在“问世”之前，都经历了些什么？事实上，每一辆全新车型的诞生都不是短期内可以实现的，都要经历一个漫长且“曲折”的过程。一般情况下，一辆新车的研发周期一般在3到4年，甚至更长时间。那么，这个周期包括了哪些流程呢？
![[我行小知识]一款新车型诞生之前都经历了什么？](http://www2.autoimg.cn/youchuang/g30/M02/B8/BC/autohomecar__ChcCSVxW4qGAfHMAAAD8TrdFgp4859.png)
首先是立项。生产一辆车的成本中，研发成本占了一大头，当然这里讲的都是一款新车型从无到有的过程，而不是简单的改款。新车型的研发，必须经过大量的调查研究和论证，充分考虑市场需求，利润空间，权衡利弊后最终决定新车的定位。在这期间，汽车厂商会有专门的调研部门去做市场调研、市场分析，内部充分论证了项目的可行性后，才能最终敲定该项目，完成立项。
![[我行小知识]一款新车型诞生之前都经历了什么？](http://www2.autoimg.cn/youchuang/g30/M01/B8/CD/autohomecar__ChsEf1xW4qOAaKfNAACPbVlTUO0251.png)
立项之后，接着就是设计环节。设计师们按照既定要求对新车进行初步设计，比如车身外形、动力系统、底盘等等，其中，车身外形以及动力系统的设计是重中之重。我们平时所见的五花八门的汽车造型，都是设计师精雕细琢下的产物，不仅要考虑到美观，还要考虑空气动力学等诸多因素，这是一件棘手的活儿。
![[我行小知识]一款新车型诞生之前都经历了什么？](http://www2.autoimg.cn/youchuang/g30/M0B/B3/8B/autohomecar__ChsEoFxW4qSAULV2AAA-ShnMZNc330.png)
传统的外形设计会用到油泥模型，设计师按照提前拟订的草图直接手工雕塑出油泥模型，这种方法比较直观，但是比较费时费力。随着工业制造的智能化，建模软件开始被广泛运用，现如今，汽车工程师们都开始使用三维建模软件直接画出模型，画好的模型可以导成数据程序，然后输入到铣削机中，就可以自动加工出设计师想要的模型，简单高效。模型出来后，设计师会进行仔细的评估、修改，直至做出最终模型。
![[我行小知识]一款新车型诞生之前都经历了什么？](http://www2.autoimg.cn/youchuang/g30/M06/B8/BC/autohomecar__ChcCSVxW4qSAC1hUAACW46_m7qE946.png)
除了外形设计，新车的动力系统/底盘设计也是很重要的环节。随着汽车模块化、平台化的流行，很多车型都开始“共用部件”，甚至“共用平台”，为一辆车专门研发一台发动机或者一个变速箱的情况已经很罕见，通常都是设计师根据设计需要对现有部件进行搭配，最后再进行一定程度的调教，以达到想要的性能参数。
![[我行小知识]一款新车型诞生之前都经历了什么？](http://www2.autoimg.cn/youchuang/g30/M0A/B3/8B/autohomecar__ChsEoFxW4qWAO9q_AACsdHAtCiw632.png)
新车设计出来后，就要到试验环节了。是驴是马还得拉出来遛一遛，实验环节是检验新车设计是否达到预期目标的重要手段。样车试验包括两个方面：性能试验和可靠性试验。性能试验主要是对汽车各大总成和部件的性能参数进行验证，例如动力参数等等。可靠性试验指对汽车性能稳定性以及汽车耐久性等一系列测试。样车实验方式上，有试验场试验、路试、风洞试验、碰撞试验等等。
实验合格的样车，就可以开始投产了。通常，汽车厂商会为新车举行隆重的新车上市发布会，然后进行各种宣传推广，生产线也会随即启动，第一批一般是小批量的生产销售，厂家会根据新车的市场表现以及消费者的反馈对下一步大批量生产计划进行拟订。
![[我行小知识]一款新车型诞生之前都经历了什么？](http://www2.autoimg.cn/youchuang/g30/M0B/B8/BC/autohomecar__ChcCSVxW4qaAaO04AACBUMh7ANM402.png)
以上仅仅是新车诞生周期的简要概述，实际上的流程必然是更加复杂且严密。所以，一款正儿八经的车型的诞生历程漫长而曲折。当然，也有一些急功近利的品牌，只知道奉行拿来主义，不专心搞研发，混吃等死。对于诸类品牌，市场的惩戒也许会迟到，但早晚会降临。
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