进入2019年，关于汽车的政策频频出台，最受瞩目的莫过于国6排放标准和年检新规了，这一切都牵动着老车车主的心，排放越来越严格、检测越来越难过，就问一句，国五以下的车还要不要开了？
2019年5月1日起，环保新国标正式实施，新标准主要增加了车辆外观检验、OBD（车辆故障诊断仪）检查，如果车辆有故障灯显示或检测到故障，将无法进行尾气检测，导致无法通过年检。另外，新标准还降低了排放限值，柴油车增加氮氧化合物检测，会导致大量的货车尾气检测不合格。
2019年7月1日期，国六排放标准全国范围内实施，在国五的基础上，国六的排放限值要严格40-50%，同时也引进了国外最严格的诊断系统，对汽车的实施排放能力进行了升级，这意味着让车主在年检尾气检测环节更加难通过。
各种规定让我们的汽车年检越来越难，而年检项目中最令人头疼的就算尾气排放检测，很多车辆都是因为排放不合格没能通过检测，通过各种方法，费时费力，或者找黄牛解决，其实平时注意三元催化器的清洗就行。平时不注意三元催化器的情况，最后不得不更换三元催化器的情况也很常见，车辆更换一个三元催化器的成本很高，以十万元的车辆为例，更换三元催化器的价格在1500元左右，价格更高的车型三元催化器价格也更高。
三元催化器是啥？
三元催化器是安装在汽车排气系统中最重要的机外净化装置，它里面有铂、钯、铑等贵金属，可将汽车尾气中的CO、HC和NOx等有害气体通过氧化和还原作用转变为无害的二氧化碳、水和氮气。三元催化器能否正常工作决定了发动机的油耗、动力、排放等工作状态。
三元催化器为什么会出问题？
三元催化器不是消耗品，在转化尾气的过程中起到催化作用，自身不参与化学反应，可以无限使用，那它为什么会出问题？
1、积碳失活：在发动机燃烧中产生的积碳，进入到三元催化器中造成堵塞，这是造成三元催化器失效最主要的原因。
2、高温失活：汽车连续高速行驶，大负荷运行，发动机排出的火焰和催化器发生剧烈反应，长时间处于高温条件下使三元催化器失活。
3、侵蚀失活：当燃油和润滑油不完全燃烧产生一氧化碳造成三元催化器被侵蚀，吸附在上面的杂质会影响催化剂的活性。
4、物理损坏：催化器的载体是一个陶瓷元件。装有三元催化器的车子在拖底后，剧烈的磕碰有可能使催化器陶瓷芯破碎并报废。
5、油品问题：很多车辆好几年不清洗三元催化器也不会出现问题，这主要跟燃油的品质有很大关系，三元催化器在国外是不需要清洗的。
三元催化器故障后有什么表现？
1、发动机油耗增加，当三元催化开始堵塞后会影响氧传感器的正常工作，从而不能准确的控制喷油、进气与点火，进而使油耗增加。
2、汽车动力下降当需要高压排气的时候，由于堵塞导致排气不畅，从而影响进气量，进而导致发动机功率下降、动力下降。
3、三元催化故障灯亮起其实也就是发动机机故障灯，当发动机相关传感器检测到尾气排放异常时，就会将信号提供给ECU，最后再通过故障灯来提醒。
4、发动机异响、排气异味。三元催化故障会连带发动机出现其他故障，例如发动机过热、磨损过度，有时候有怪声，放炮之类的声音，排气怪味难闻等。
三元催化器何时需要清理？
1、通常每行驶5万公里需清洗三元催化器。
2、感觉到车辆废油、动力下降时，需检查三元催化并按需清洗。
3、车辆每次作清洗喷油嘴、节气门和进气道养护完成时，需要清洗三元催化。
4、车辆每年尾气工况检测前最好也进行清洗，谁不想一次性通过呢？
清洗三元催化器的价格差距很大，在维修店可能100-300元不等，在4s店需要500-800元。动手能力强的小伙伴可以自己查阅一下相关资料，买好相关材料就可以自己清洗三元了。
再简单说两句
网上都说3万公里清洗一次，我觉得没有必要，除非你经常加私营加油站的燃油，要不然5万公里清洗一次都可以。作为一个车主，说不爱车是不可能的，毕竟谁的钱都不是大风刮来的。平时多逛逛论坛，看看干货贴，学习一些汽车的维修保养知识，可以省下很多去维修的时间和修车的钱。
（文章视频图片来源于网络）
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