差不多大小的燃油车和纯电车，同样的驾驶习惯，为什么燃油车跑高速很省油，纯电车跑高速却很费电？
燃油车和纯电车最大的区别是动力总成不同，也是造成高速上能耗差异的主要原因。
燃油车的发动机的能耗效率随着转数不同变化很大。发动机在低转数时的效率很低，采用新技术阿特金森循环，或者奥拓循环加阿特金森循环双循环系统，或者缸内直喷，或者涡轮增压等技术能小幅度提高效率。
燃油车还有一些效率为零的极端情况，例如怠速时之烧油不跑路效率为0。燃油车发动机在跑高速时效率大大提升，一般能达到30%~45%，远超增加风阻带来的负面效果，结果自然就显得十分省油，高速比低速油耗往往能降低一半之多。
虽然高速比低速时的风阻大很多，但是随着发动机效率的大幅提高，和几乎不需要刹车和重新加速的过程，一直平稳行驶。
纯电车的电机工作效率几乎不受转数影响，能一直维持在80%~90%，还不需要被变速箱损耗部分能量，所以纯电车低速很省电。
纯电车跑高速时，虽然能维持80%~90%电机效率，但风阻随着车速成平方数增加，车速越高纯电车需要克服的风阻就越大，所以高度电耗会比低速电耗高很多。下图是纯电车驱动电机的效率图。
纯电车低速省电的另一科技是动能回收，车辆在低速行驶频繁减速过程中，每一次都回收能量回传到电池中。
例如我自己代步用的威马EX5纯电车，一周市区上下班通勤下来，回收的能量大概有10%~20%之多，低速电耗降低最终会体现在续航里程上。
简单地说，燃油车最省油是跑高速，能效是30%~45%；纯电车最省电是跑低速，能效是80%~90%，加上动能回收的20%，节能效果令人惊喜。现在你还会觉得自己的纯电车跑高速掉电快不正常吗？
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