在炎热的夏季里，由于金属材料的比热容较小，吸热后温度上升较快，所以汽车的整车温度普遍很高。如果发动机出现温度过高、过热，会给汽车带来很大的影响，那么发动机过热是什么原因造成的呢？发动机过热又对发动机有哪些危害呢？
一般情况下，以下5个方面的原因是会造成发动机过热的
1.水泵损坏
发动机有两大机构，六大系统（包括进、排气系统）组成，冷却系统便是其中之一。冷却系统顾名思义，降低发动机的工作温度，避免很多耐热性差的部件损坏。冷却系统中的循环动力来源于水泵，一旦发动机水泵出现故障而无法工作时，整个冷却系统工作瘫痪，冷却液无法得到应有的循环，所以发动机燃烧产生的热量无法被迅速传递出去，进而造成发动机过热。
2.冷却液不足
冷却液主要的作用就是冷却发动机，带走发动机因燃烧产生的多余热量。那么冷却液一般要求两年更换，定期要检查冷却液液面的高度，一旦冷却液液面高度不够，就会造成冷却系统循环管路中的冷却液不足，发动机冷却效果下降，进而导致发动机过热。
3.冷却系统漏水
散热水箱是发动机冷却系统的重要组成部分，也可以说冷却液将发动机的热量带出来，集中在散热水箱进行散热，当散热水箱或者冷却系统其它管路出现漏水故障时，会造成发动机冷却液液面降低，进而导致发动机过热。
4.散热风扇故障
散热水箱中的冷却液温度需要依靠散热风扇来散热，当水温传感器信号表示发动机冷却液温度达到一定值后，散热风扇电磁离合器开始吸合通电，散热风扇开始旋转散热。可想而知，一旦散热风扇出现故障，高温冷却液无法及时降温而导致发动机温度无法降低，进而导致发动机过热。
5.节温器故障
发动机冷却系统分为大循环和小循环，大、小循环的关键点在于节温器，也就是说节温器关闭，发动机冷却系统实施小循环散热，当节温器打开，发动机冷却系统实施大循环。如果节温器损坏后，冷却系统无法进入大循环而导致散热效果变差，所以发动机过热就很容易理解了。
那么发动机过热的危害有哪些呢？
1.发动机气缸垫损坏：发动机气缸垫损坏会导致机油窜进气缸而烧机油，另外也可能会导致机油与冷却液混合而使得冷却液失效，严重的话需要更换整个冷却系统。
2.发动机零部件受热变形：发动机过热会导致很多零部件因为受热膨胀而变形，如气缸盖、缸体，严重时很可能造成发动机报废。
3.发动机机油变质产生气阻：发动机过热会导致机油因为高温而变质，进而导致润滑效果急速降低。另外发动机过热会在供油系统中产生大量气阻，影响燃油供给系统的工作，导致发动机熄火或者工作不良。
4.发动机周围大量高分子材质配件损坏：发动机过热会导致发动机周围很多高分子材料配件变形、融化后者损坏，例如点火模块、高压线等。
发动机过热的原因基本上集中在冷却液的身上，无论什么原因导致冷却液液面降低，还是冷却液的温度下降过慢，都会直接导致发动机过热。所以，当您的爱车出现”开锅”的现象时，切记停车检查，排除故障再上路。
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