中国重汽T系列使用了较多的进口部件,加工精度较高,对保养的要求较严苛,保养不当会发生损坏。因此要求用户必须严格按要求保养车辆,我们把日常保养的项目和车辆使用常识告知如下:其它保养要求请详细阅读保养手册。
一、出车前检查:检查轮胎外观及气压,有无磨损,螺栓有无松动。左、右驱动及转向轮胎的压花是否一致。查看发动机机油油位、发动机冷却液液位以及组合仪表中关于气压表的指示是否正常。
检查各种线束插接是否松脱、干涉、磨碰。检查管路是否松脱、干涉、磨碰。检查是否有渗漏油现象。检查是否有燃气泄漏现象。
调节方向盘、座椅、座椅安全带和后视镜、补盲镜、广角镜至合适位置 。仪表显示是否正常,有无报警、异常现象,如有异常,需排除后方可运行。
二、MT13天然气发动机换油方法:
1)换油加注量: 42L(首次加注量)40L(不换滤芯加注量)。
2)发动机润滑油首次换油里程或时间5万公里或8个月,先到者为准。
3)发动机润滑油首次换油后定保换油周期或时间每5万公里或8个月,先到者为准。
4)发动机机油滤芯每2.5万公里更换。
5) 燃气滤芯每3万公里更换。
6)使用工况差,相应缩短更换里程。
三、曼发动机空滤正确保养方法:每天倒空和清理集尘袋,每2000公里吹主空气滤芯一次,多灰尘或工况恶劣地区应每天检查。每10000公里强制更换滤芯。如使用环境良好,每月运营30000公里以上(全程高速),可20000公里更换滤芯。空气滤芯如被水沾湿,必须及时更换。具体保养方法如下:
- 松开空滤器密封端盖上的4 个固定锁扣拿下端盖,倒掉内部灰尘并擦拭干净。
- 抽出主滤芯,用压缩空气(不得超过5 bar)由内向外吹,随后擦净两端胶垫。
- 清洁完成后仔细检查滤纸是否破损,端面密封橡胶圈是否开裂,如有以上现象,必须更换新滤芯。
- 完成以上检查确认无误后,按照正确位置将滤芯压入壳体,盖上密封端盖并压紧周边弹性卡扣。
- 最后检查进气管路密封是否完好,尤其软管适配卡箍是否松动。管壁是否有磨损,严防空气短路进入发动机。
- 安全滤芯(中间小滤芯)不得拆下,也不用清理。每更换两次大滤芯,更换一次安全滤芯。
- 四、冷凝器保养:冷凝器外表面防尘网要经常检查,发现有遮挡物要及时用刷子清理。冷凝器中的散热片非常柔软,轻轻触碰或用高压水枪冲洗会造成散热片歪倒,造成通风不畅影响散热。冷凝器内部应由重汽服务站专业人员清理。
- 五、离合器正确使用方法:汽车上的离合器在正常行车时,是处在紧密接合状态,离合器应无滑转。在开车时除汽车起步、换挡和低速刹车需要踩下离合器踏板外,其他时间都不要没事踩离合,或把脚放在离合器踏板上。行车时把脚长时间放在离合器踏板上,很容易造成离合器打滑、离合器片烧蚀等现象,严重时甚至使离合器压盘、飞轮端面烧蚀拉伤,导致离合器压紧弹簧退火等故障。同时,还会导致费油、费车,增加行车费用。在行车中换挡时,操纵离合器踏板应迅速踩下并抬起,不要出现半联动现象,否则,会加速离合器的磨损。另外,操作时要注意与油门配合。为使换挡平顺,减轻变速器换挡机构和离合器的磨损,提倡使用两脚离合器换挡法。这种方法虽然操作较复杂,却是开车省车省钱的好方法。重载时严禁高档起步,应从一档开始缓慢起步,以免造成离合器片快速磨损,离合器片不在保修范围内。
- 六、液力缓速器正确使用方法:控制手柄安装在方向盘的右下方,是一个多功能组合开关,集成了液力缓速器、发动机制动和定速巡航的控制功能。后拉共有6个挡位,分别对应缓速器关闭和五个功能挡;缓速器使车辆减速时,变速器仍然可以换挡。甚至在换挡过程中,缓速器的制动力矩保持不变。由恒速挡改变至2、3、4挡不能提高缓速作用,恒速挡和第5挡缓速力矩最大。液力缓速器工作时产生的热量是通过发动机的冷却系统散失掉的,即将进入下坡路段时,提前降低变速箱档位、提高发动机转速到1600-1900转,缓速器制动效果会更好。在非紧急情况下降低车速,可以使用缓速器的2-5档,无磨损制动省刹车片;在非紧急情况下停车,先用前面的方法减速到较低车速,再使用刹车停车到位。缓速器使用过程中可随时开启发动机制动,配合使用制动效果会更好。紧急情况请使用刹车。弯道行车请谨慎使用缓速器。潮湿、脏污或结冰路面请关闭缓速器。禁止变速器空档滑行。气温较低时,缓速器制动效果将会有延迟。
- 七、转向器日常检查:检查转向横拉杆卡箍螺栓及球头是否松旷。检查转向纵拉杆卡箍螺栓及球头是否松旷。检查方向机垂臂是否松动。检查双转向中间垂臂是否松动。检查转向杆系是否有异常磨损。检查方向机油面是否正常。
- 八、制动系统日常检查:检查行车、驻车制动状态下气路密性。检查全车制动气压是否达到规定值。贮气筒放水。检查制动管路是否磨损及可能产生的损坏。
- 九、增压器使用注意事项:增压器在发动机转数达到1000转时增压工作,并产生轻微噪音。尽量避免发动机转数在1000转附近频繁变动,造成增压器频繁开闭引起故障。发动机熄火前,应在900转以下运行五分钟左右,以便增压器冷却。
- 十、轴间差速锁使用注意事项:轴间差速锁开启时,严禁转动方向,否则会引起轴间差速锁损坏。正常行驶时,必须关闭差速锁。
- 十一、轴头轴承使用注意事项:轴头轴承在车辆行驶二十万公里时,如果发热或有噪音请及时到服务站更换。
- 十二、风扇皮带使用注意事项:风扇皮带寿命约十万公里,车主应自备一条随车携带。皮带轮发生断裂,只需松开张紧轮,即可自行更换。张紧轮20万公里更换。
- 十三、16档变速箱使用注意事项:16档变速箱高低档开关,搬动一次只增减一档,每次换挡时,应先搬动高低档开关,再踩离合。
- 十四、中国重汽曼系列发动机的水泵是通过冷却液润滑,同时可以保护发动机不同部件多种复合材料不被腐蚀,曼系列发动机必须使用专用冷却液,不能用水或其他冷却液来代替,且冷却液的润滑效果会在车辆运行至20万公里或两年时大大降低,因此车辆每行驶20万公里或两年时,必须更换曼系列发动机专用冷却液。
- 十五、中国重汽曼系列发动机标配了排气制动(也叫发动机制动),它是通过进排气门的开、关时机和开、关角度大小的调整,来实现发动机转速的突然降低,以便实现车速的降低。因此发动机制动工作需要以下必要条件:
- 变速箱不能处于空挡位置;
- 离合器必须贴合(不能踩下离合器踏板);
- 松开油门踏板;
- 发动机转速高于800转/分钟。发动机转速越高,发动机制动效果越明显。
十六、空调制冷或制热效果差主要可能存在以下几种可能:
1、空调转换水阀损坏,无法进行冷热的变换;
2、空调压缩机故障(空调不制冷);
3、缺冷媒(制冷效果差);
4、空调滤芯堵塞(有异味、风量小);
5、鼓风机损坏(不出风)。
十七、发动机启动无反应(起动机不工作),可能是因为变速箱上的空档开关损坏造成,可以连续晃动换挡手柄后重试,若仍无反应,可能是发动机ECU电信号故障,请联系陕西德昌远服务站17791625939
十八、燃气车辆若出现车辆怠速不稳、且车辆抖动严重,动力衰减,通常是因为火花塞及点火线圈损坏,或者节气门卡滞,因此,请每3万公里对节气门进行清洗。车辆长时间低速运行或经常变速行驶,容易造成活塞内部积碳,造成火花塞和点火线圈的损坏,通常情况下中国重汽MT13系列发动机的火花塞寿命会超过10万公里,但因车辆在国道、省道等低速路况下运行,火花塞寿命低于10万公里,甚至低于5万公里属于正常现象。火花塞不在保修范围。
十九、中国重汽曼系列发动机因为超长的机油更换周期,会让您产生“烧机油”的假象。发动机的机油消耗量正常值为2L/万公里左右,因此请您每一万公里通过机油尺检查一次机油量,若机油液面低于标尺的下格线,请为发动机补充机油,机油加注量的标准是:机油液面略高于标尺下格线,机油加注量越大,机油消耗量越大。
二十、中国重汽HW系列变速箱在新车辆运行至2000-5000公里时,需要进行首次保养(更换齿轮油),以后每10万公里更换一次齿轮油,但要求每3万公里检查一次齿轮油液面,避免因为缺油造成的齿轮烧蚀。
二十一、中国重汽MCY系列驱动桥每行驶10万公里更换一次齿轮油,但要求每3万公里检查一次齿轮油液面,避免因为缺油造成的齿轮烧蚀。
二十二、节油驾驶技巧(燃油及燃气车辆通用)
- 根据不同的道路情况,判断和选择合理的车辆运行速度,保持稳定的较小的油门开度,并确保发动机转速控制在经济区间(平原1300转,山区1400转,高原1600转)。
- 驾驶过程中预见性的提前加档或减档,尽量减少制动及换挡频次。
- 车辆在道路上运行需要克服轮胎滚动阻力(取决于轮胎气压和整车重量)、风阻(取决于车辆的外形尺寸、天气状况和车速等)、加速阻力、爬坡阻力。当车辆匀速运行时,滚动阻力和爬坡阻力是一定的,加速阻力为零,唯有风阻对油耗的影响最大。车速越低,风阻越小。
- 德国曼系列MT13最佳节油转速为1300–1350r/min,爬坡路段转速提高200转。平路加档转速不低于1550r/min,爬坡路段加档转速不应低于1650r/min;平路减档转速不低于1000r/min,爬坡路段减档转速不低于1100r/min。
- 德国曼系列发动机最佳节油油门踏板开度40%-80%,平路运行时请将油门开度控制在40%-60%;遇到爬坡路况时应加大时油门开度,但不要大于80%,长时间满油门运行会造成油耗巨高。
- 车辆运行时随着路况的变化请选择最合适的档位行驶,当用目前档位满油门时,车速无明显提升,说明此档位车辆牵引力不足,建议减入低一档或低两档运行。尽量用变换档位保持发动机转速在经济转速,不要用油门保持发动机转速在经济转速。
- 在爬坡路段行驶,应选择较低的档位和较高的发动机转速,在开始爬坡之前挂上低速挡,这样就能以足够大的发动机转速驶入坡道,避免再次换挡。
- 在正常行驶过程中,请尽量减少车辆停车,因为车辆起步时所需燃油是运行时的数倍,必要时请带档滑行,因为电控发动机在带档滑行时,发动机不喷油。
- 发动机怠速3分钟所需燃油消耗与启动一次发动机所需燃油消耗量相当,建议遇到停车时间较长情况时,关闭发动机以减少燃油消耗。
- 真空胎比普通轮胎减少3%-10%的燃油消耗,转向轴建议采用纵向花纹轮胎,其阻力小、速度快;驱动轴建议使用横向花纹轮胎,附着力强、爬坡性能好;请定期检查轮胎气压,轮胎气压比正常值降低10%,将至少增加4%的燃油消耗。
- 现有车辆基本配备为12、16档变速箱,此两类变速箱均为高低档变速箱,请根据道路情况选择跳档加档或逐级加档,当道路状况良好时,请快速进入高档区,例如:车辆从起步阶段开始,在低档区时通过大油门将发动机转速提高至1800r/min,同时提高两个档位,进入高档区后,请逐级加档。曼天然气发动机在900转以下时非常费气,应经量避免在900转以下运行。
- 保证车辆处于较低油耗的首要条件是保证车辆“健康”,因此请定期根据厂家的指导对车辆进行检修和保养,这不仅可以降低车辆燃油消耗,同时可以有效的提高车辆使用寿命,提高车辆出行效率,节约成本。
- 轮胎气压会影响油耗气耗。前轮:10.5—10.7;后轮:11.5-11.7.
- 根据不同的车辆使用工况,厂家会通过发动机动力、变速箱档位以及驱动桥速比的选择,确定最合适的产品推荐给大家。车辆不会选择适应驾驶人员,只有驾驶人员适应车辆,请驾驶人员充分了解所驾驶的车辆。
原创文章,作者:cesifu,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.cesifu.com/article/43822.html
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