这几种异响每台车都有!5分钟大师帮你找到异响根源
随着汽车逐渐进入“老龄化”时代,各种该有不该有的问题接踵而来,偶尔的“疼痛脑热”成为常态,“咳嗽”已经不能算是故障了……这里的“咳嗽”指的是汽车存在的各种异响!相信有很多车友已经开始产生共鸣了,尤其是那些跑了5年以上的车型,汽车零部件已经出现了老化,各个部位可能存在不同程度的异响……那么,今天我们就来找找这些异响的根源!
我们简单的把汽车分为发动机、内饰、底盘三大部分,简单的解析这三大部分可能存在的异响问题,车友朋友可以对号入座,寻找异响的根源。
发动机部分
发动机怠速异响,发动机怠速异响分为很多种情况,发动机不同状态的异响,其异响根源也不同。
冷车怠速异响:汽车怠速时,发动机舱内发出“哒哒”的有规律的异响,这种有规律的异响分为两种情况:一是碳罐电磁阀(清污阀)工作的声音,一种是冷启动时,气门与摇臂(或液压挺柱)发出的声音(较为清脆的金属撞击声),尤其是冬季冷启动时比较明显,其原因是冬季机油流动性比较差,冷启动时不能第一时间建立油压,热车之后噪音消除。
怠速异响:进气歧管或者附属部件存在漏气情况,会导致怠速异响;部分发动机部分零件磨损过甚也会导致不同程度的异响,或因共振导致异响。
加速时异响:发动机加速时出现异响的情况比较复杂,需要维修专业人士来判断,出现这种情况,个人建议到店检查!当然,车主可以简单的判断这个异响是否来自发动机内部!比如,有些车型急加速时涡轮异响,这个异响明显不来自发动机;或发电机皮带或皮带轮存在松动,急加速时也会出现“唧唧”异响。
内饰部分
5年以上的车型,汽车内饰会出现不同程度的老化,尤其是一些家用轿车的内饰多为塑料材质,老化之后非常容易引起异响!
内饰老化引起的异响:内饰老化引起的异响比较直接,底盘的震动传到老化中控台或门板导致内饰相互碰撞引起异响,这种情况车主可以通过胶条粘接的方式抑制异响。
内饰共振导致的异响:这种情况在家用车上也比较常见,当车速到达某一临界点时,内饰开始共振出现异响,这种情况多出现在仪表台内部。由于拆卸仪表台复杂、工时贵,一般车主都选择忍一忍。
高速车内有哨声:汽车高速时有哨声的情况很常见,故障多出现在车门侧、后视镜等部位,导致故障的原因有:车门密封条老化、密封不严;后视镜不平导致高速哨声(如加装后视镜雨挡会出现这种情况);部件间隙不合理等。
天窗异响:静态开启天窗时异响,多是天窗滑轨缺少润滑;天窗滑轨脏、有沙土导致,清理润滑后基本解决。
刹车、加速时车内异响:急加速、刹车时车内或内饰里会有“duang”的异响,建议车主检查是否手套箱等储物空间中的杂物导致;或是车座地下有水瓶等。
开空调异响:开空调时风道内异响,一般是因为风道掉进了杂物;启动空调时异响,多为空调压缩机启动吸合、皮带打滑异响;或管路内冷媒流动导致声响大等。
底盘部分
一般车龄5年以上,行驶8万公里以上的车辆,底盘部件容易出现异响,有些是部件故障问题,有些是底盘橡胶套老化的问题。
转向异响:转向异响的情况在冬天比较常见,且多见于机械助力转向的车型,异响位置也分为车内、车外。车内转向异响检查方向盘内部游丝、转向柱支撑块等;车外转向异响检查横拉杆球头、转向机等底盘部件!
刹车异响:刹车异响的问题一般都出在刹车片或刹车盘上,如新片或磨损多甚、片中有颗粒、刹车盘不平等都有可能出现这种情况。
还有一种情况,如果发动机减震胶块老化(胶墩)会出现发动机抖的现象,起步或轻带刹车时可能伴随着异响。
轮胎异响:行驶在平坦道路时,底盘出现规律的“哒哒”声,说明存在存在扎钉或者轮胎缝中夹石子;轮胎本身也带有一定的胎噪,车友在判断时应该从整体出发。
过减速带异响:过减速带时出现“吱扭”类异响,多是两侧减震器漏油导致,如果异响来自于其他底盘部件,建议检查部件之间的密封胶套以及紧固扭矩(老车重点检查密封胶套)。
过小坑洼路面时底盘异响:多数车型在过小坑洼路面时存在不同程度的底盘异响,这些异响多是底盘减震胶套老化、部件间隙矿量增大导致,如两侧摆臂球头!
还有一种情况在刹车时或行驶中,前部底盘下出现“吱扭”的异响,冬季尤为明显,这可能是平衡杆胶套造成的异响,更换可解决。
总结:今天简单的讲解了比较常见的汽车异响以及异响根源,实际上汽车异响排除诊断比较复杂,导致异响的原因有很多,需要有经验的专业人员试车检查!关键是有一些车型“天生存在异响”,根本无法解决……如果你也有类似的疑问,可以留言大家一起探讨。
原创文章,作者:cesifu,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.cesifu.com/article/46816.html
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