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随着中美贸易摩擦释放出进一步升温的态势,以及日元汇率有走强的迹象,近日,丰田将2020财年全年预计盈利预期下调了6%左右。
作为多年来全球汽车产业的霸主,千万辆级的丰田一直以盈利强在汽车圈著称,而其在第一财季营业利润增长的前提下,仍然果断下调了全年利润预期,表明处于动荡的全球汽车产业仍然面临着巨大的不确定性。
根据外媒报道称,在第一财季,丰田全球汽车销量为271万辆,较去年同期的262万辆增长3.6%。受汽车销量小幅增长的推动,丰田在2020财年第一财季营业利润增长8.7%,至7,419亿日元(约合69.3亿美元),为2015年9月以来的最高季度业绩水平。但丰田将2020财年的全年利润从此前的2.55万亿日元下调至2.4万亿日元。

受日元走强、贸易紧张局势加剧等因素的影响,丰田汽车预计2020财年销售额为29.5万亿日元;税前收入为2.56万亿日元;净收入为2.15万亿日元;将全财年营业利润预期从2.55万亿日元下调至2.4万亿日元。但是,丰田汽车全年900万辆的销售目标并未改变。
值得注意的是,就在刚刚发布的2019《财富》世界500强榜单中,这上榜的23家整车企业中,丰田仍然为最能赚钱的汽车公司,利润达169.8亿美元。在利润上,丰田已经连续几年超过竞争对手大众汽车和通用汽车,利润率与豪华车比肩。不过丰田在2018年利润也出现大幅下滑,丰田2017年利润为225.1亿美元,2018年利润下滑超过了50亿美元。显然,2020财年丰田仍然难以阻挡利润进一步下滑的大势。
丰田汽车的利润缩水并非个例,有统计数据显示,三分之二的日本上市制造商今年第二季度的利润都有所下跌,这也是自全球金融危机以来利润下跌公司最多的一个季度。

耐人寻味的是,对于美国政府的关税政策,一向比较低调的日本车企集体表达了强烈不满,而领头者就是丰田。今年5月,据彭博社报道称,身为丰田汽车社长的丰田章男在声明中毫不客气地点评“炮轰”了美国政府关税谈判,“作为日本汽车联合会的主席,对于美国的关税问题,我感到深深的失望。”
之前丰田北美公司的声明就直截了当地指出,“丰田汽车已经在美国市场运营六十多年。为美国和美国人民做出了非常大的贡献,其中包括我们的研发中心、10个生产基地、1500个销售网络、完善的供应链体系等,根据不完全统计,丰田汽车累计直接或间接地在美国雇佣了超过47.5万人,在美投资超过600亿美元。而美国政府的声明显示,丰田在美国的投资是不受欢迎的,我们美国员工工做出的辛勤工作也未受到重视。”
据媒体报道,5月17日,白宫当天发表声明说,美国商务部2月向总统提交的调查报告认为,进口汽车及零配件威胁损害美国国家安全。在对该报告进行广泛评估后,美国总统特朗普17日签署公告,指示美国贸易代表与相关经济体谈判达成协议解决所谓的“国家安全威胁”。
根据美国《1962年贸易扩展法》第232条款,美国商务部去年5月对进口汽车及零配件是否损害美国国家安全启动“232调查”。上述调查遭到美国国会议员、商界领袖、汽车制造商、经销商以及主要贸易伙伴的强烈反对。他们认为,美国政府启动上述调查缺乏事实根据,据此加征关税将损害美国消费者利益,招致美国贸易伙伴报复,并可能破坏全球汽车供应链和以规则为基础的全球贸易体系。

而对于中国市场,丰田章男和丰田给予了非常高的期待,今年4月份,丰田章男打卡中国,不仅亲自在北京骑共享单车,还在清华大学发表了演讲,在演讲中,丰田章男回忆到:“丰田整个家族都曾在中国居住过,我不得不承认,我真的很喜欢中国,并且喜欢在这里生活”。
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