在这之前,我们必须要了解下机油的作用。机油相当于汽车发动机中的“血液”,最主要的用处是流动于发动机各部件之间,起到润滑作用,防止部件和部件之间磨损严重。
除了这个最主要功能外,它还有一些“附加功能”。比如说冷却降温、清洗清洁、密封防漏、防锈防蚀、减震缓冲等用途,作用可见一斑。更换机油是汽车保养中最为常规的保养项目之一,优质机油除了能保护发动机、减少换油次数外,还能节省汽油开销。但是,很多人对机油的使用却知之甚少,甚至存在一定的误区,不注意的话可能分分钟把车毁了!
误区一:机油变黑就得换
变黑的机油并不意味着已经变质,现在市面上销售的品牌正品机油的质量都相当高,能在高温条件下保持润滑功能。
一般来说,加入新的机油后,机件上的油泥和积碳等沉积物分散于油中,一定时间后就会导致机油的颜色变黑。有经验的师傅会通过机油的粘度来判别是否需要更换,而非观察到机油颜色变黑,就断定需要更换。
误区二:每5000公里就得换机油
在日常保养过程中,德系车一般为6个月或者10000公里。很多车主就会按照哪个标准先到就执行哪个标准,其实不然。
更换机油时可以执行厂家的保养政策外最好5个月换一次,就算半年内只行驶了一两千公里,也要进行更换,因为机油放置时间过久会变质,无法起到润滑作用,只会导致磨损加剧。如果天天开车,5000公里换一次对发动机的保养更好。另外,值得注意的是,机油并不是能多加就多加,油量应该控制在机油尺的上、下刻度线之间为好,既不过多,又不过少。
机油使用时要注意检查,一般以3个月为期,过了3个月没用到5000公里就要检查机油颜色、黏度等,查看是否变质。还有,在城市里驾车,走到哪里都有红绿灯,动不动就塞车,而且每一趟的路程大多数又不超过十几公里,这种驾驶法属于“耗损性驾驶”。在“耗损性驾驶”情况下,建议最好缩短更换机油的间隔时间,才能有效保护引擎。
误区三:机油添加剂的作用大
目前,市面上流行各种机油添加剂,都宣称能有效降低机件磨损,降低油耗,已经有不少车主都跃跃欲试。
机油添加剂是不能乱加的,机油和添加剂之间可能存在不相溶或化学反应的情况。 若车主往机油中加入不适合的添加剂,将会引起机油润滑性质的改变,不仅不会降低机件磨损,反而还会对车辆造成更严重的伤害。
误区四:机油宁可多加不能少加
机油量应控制在机油尺的上、下刻度线之间。因为机油过多就会从气缸与活塞的间隙中窜入燃烧室燃烧形成积碳。这些积碳会提高发动机压缩比,增加产生爆震的几率。
其次,机油过多增加了曲轴连杆的搅拌阻力,使燃油消耗增大。
再有,机油加多了会使得发动机内部压力增加,容易导致发动机密封件渗油。
误区五:机油粘度越高/低越好
有些车主认为加粘度高的润滑油可以保护发动机,而有些车主认为使用粘度低的机油可以省油,这些想法都是存在一定误区的。为防止发动机内部零件的摩擦,机油必须有足够的粘度,否则无法在运转温度下形成足够的油膜保护。然而使用粘度过大的机油,会导致机油内部流动缓慢、阻力增大,燃油油耗增加,也降低了发动机的动力输出。
使用粘度过低的机油,虽然保证了流动性,但是在运转温度下很难形成良好的油膜保护,会造成对发动机的损害,同时也会造成动力的损失。因此只有正确使用机油粘度,才能够让爱车达到最佳状态。自己车的发动机用什么油最好,车辆的使用手册最清楚。
误区六:机油只加不换
长时间不更换机油,机油对于发动机的保护能力就会降低,无法良好的对零件的外壁形成一层润滑的保护膜,机油的润滑性一旦降低了,就会直接导致零部件磨损加剧。
只补充不更换机油只能弥补机油数量上的不足,不能完全补偿润滑油性能的损失。
总结
机油在汽车保养中起到了很重要的作用,并不只是润滑那么简单,所以能够在使用中避免这些误区,对于家用车主来说是很好的保养常识,也只有注意了这些地方,才能延长爱车的使用寿命。好车的质量固然重要,懂得爱护和保养同样很重要。希望这小小的常识能帮助您更好地呵护爱车。
原创文章,作者:cesifu,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.cesifu.com/article/47944.html
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