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由于经济进一步放缓,印度7月汽车总销量大跌36%,这个被认为是全球最有前景的汽车市场遭遇了近20年来最严重的业绩下滑。
印度汽车市场近一年都来十分惨淡,不仅销量连续9个月下跌,且最近连续4个月销售额同比下跌超过20%,这一情况在7月进一步下挫。根据印度汽车制造商协会刚刚出炉的数据,其中7月印度乘用车销量下滑31%,为近20年来的最大跌幅。
就在去年,印度的汽车市场还被认为要取代德国和日本,成为世界第三大汽车市场。目前,就汽车销量而言,印度已取代德国成为全球第四大汽车市场。但上述糟糕的数据正如印度金融集团Ambit的汽车分析师班纳吉(Basudeb Banerjee)所说,在过去的20年里,印度汽车从未面临如此糟糕的境况。
印度车市低迷
数据显示,印度汽车7月销量同比下降36%至12.29万辆,其中卡车和公共销量减少了26%,创下2014年2月以来最大跌幅。几乎所有在印度设厂的汽车制造商都在7月出现销量下滑的情况,其中也包括塔塔和马恒达等本地重量级车企以及丰田和本田等跨国公司。受此影响,许多企业决定减产。
汽车市场出现如此严重的低迷,再加上消费者从购买私人汽车转向其他替代选择,这让不少分析师开始质疑这种需求疲软是周期性的,或者象征着更大范围的趋势转变。
印度工业生产的急剧下滑已成为全球经济加剧放缓中最值得警惕的症状。汽车业的下行趋势反映了消费者对经济的信心减弱。目前,印度经济增幅已放缓至2014年来的低点,失业率则升至45年高位。2019年第一季度,印度国内生产总值(GDP)增长率降至5.8%。
此外,影子银行的危机引发了流动性紧缩,扼杀了消费者需求和商业扩张。根据Capital Economics的数据,约有40%的新车贷款来自这些影子银行,这意味着汽车生产商的日子会尤其难过。
与此同时,印度政府仍在推动一项富有雄心的战略,以加速电动汽车的生产和使用,这增加了汽车制造商的担忧。
印度汽车制造商协会总干事马图尔(Vishnu Mathur)表示,汽车销售疲软已经迫使制造商暂时减产或关闭工厂,目前导致该行业至少1.5万人失业。“截至最后一次统计,印度的汽车行业共损失1.5万个工作岗位,裁员主要发生在设备供应部门,”马图尔称其中大多是临时工,“到目前为止,已经有300多家汽车经销商关闭。”他认为,汽车业发展放缓将对印度经济产生进一步负面效应,因为该行业贡献了印度近一半的制造业GDP,并提供了3700万个工作岗位。
呼吁政府采取刺激措施
马图尔呼吁政府采取减税等紧急刺激措施。根据安永会计师事务所税务合伙人杰恩(Abhishek Jain)的说法,印度政府目前对汽车征收了高达28%的商品和服务税,一些车型包括其他税种的有效税率高达48%。
虽然汽车业问题已经箭在弦上,但杰恩认为,他并不相信政府愿意将汽车税率从28%降到18%,因为这会令其财政收入蒙受巨大损失。他称:“政府几乎没有可用空间来实施任何快速的减税。总之在接下来的几个月里,是不太可能的。”
除汽车销售外,从银行贷款需求到基础设施部门产出等多数经济指标都显示疲软。印度政府官员在上周五(9日)表示,印度正在计划出台刺激经济的措施,预计将公布关于推动汽车和住房领域需求的方案。这将和央行提供的货币刺激措施共同作用,今年印度央行为了刺激需求已经降息四次。
印度汽车制造商协会表示,汽车销量预计会从下个月开始的印度假日季开始回升,但政府方面的支持如果延迟,将阻碍销售持续重新增长。
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