可以预见的是,最近几年国内新车市场环境不会太友好,2018年是国内新车市场出现首跌的元年,2019年至今情况也不是非常乐观,预计同比下跌将成为常态,而与新车不同的是,二手车市场却是一片欣欣向荣,2018年全年完成1382.19万辆的交易量,同比劲增11.46%。
不过,繁华背后也不是没有隐患,现如今二手车行业法规政策尚不完善,缺乏监管机制导致很多二手车商家滥竽充数,大量事故车、问题车流入市场,对于消费者来说,如果不慎入手了事故车,可是一件颇为头疼的事情,所以,避免入坑的第一步,你首先要知道什么是事故车?
从整体上来总结,满足一下条件之一的就可以算是事故车了:
1、前后纵梁损伤
纵梁应该算是汽车整体耐不耐撞、安全性高不高的根本保障,从被动安全的角度出发,前后纵梁是最后一道防线,如果事故大到纵梁开始承受压力并发生吸能后扭曲变形的情况,那这辆车一定就算是事故车,因为前后纵梁变形后,外观可以复原但强度却无法修复。
纵梁损伤后带来的直接效应是被动安全防护能力下降,而行驶中可能也会出现跑偏、啃胎等情况,即便是做四轮定位也不能彻底解决。此外,对于悬挂的正常工作也有非常大的影响,操控性、稳定性、舒适性均不能得到保障。
2、A、B、C柱损伤
A柱对正面碰撞事故的安全性影响极大,只要A柱不变形,就能够保证在相当大强度的撞击发生后依旧能够打开车门;B柱则是多个零部件的载体,前门锁扣、后门铰链、后门限位器、前排座椅安全带都都是要固定在B柱上;C柱则是支撑车顶部和整车的结构强度的根本。所以,当A、B、C柱发生损伤后,通过钣金等手段恢复外貌没问题,但修复后的刚性则下降太多,如此便很难保证在下次事故中全身而退。
原则上来说,除了这两点承重结构件,其他损伤由于均可直接替换部件,严格意义上来说并不能算是彻底的事故车,在这两点结构损伤的基础上,任何通过切割、加固等方法修复的二手车均不能购买。
而事故车也分为大事故车和小事故车,小事故车同样不可选择,一般有以下几点特征。
发动机舱或驾驶舱损伤的车辆、车身后翼子板撞击损伤超过其三分之一的车辆、减振器座有焊接,切割,变形的车辆、安全气囊弹出的车辆等均视为小事故车,虽然经过彻底修复后,这些部位的损伤并不会太影响被动安全,但修复成本极高,且修复技术上也得不到保障,对后期用车会产生相当大的影响。
除了事故车之外,泡水车,火烧车等也都是选择二手车的禁区,其中,车身经水浸泡超过车身二分之一,或积水进入驾驶舱的车辆即可视为泡水车,而焚烧超过0.5平方米的车辆即可视为火烧车,为了保障日后用车,这些车即便再便宜,也最好不要选择。
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原创文章,作者:cesifu,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.cesifu.com/article/50340.html
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