前言:了解汽车知识,让每一位车主维修保养不花冤枉钱。
车辆信息:2009年的手动挡别克凯越1.6L,行驶约14万公里。
车辆故障:车辆换挡时偶发性加不上油,下坡带挡溜车偶尔熄火。
故障看起来是两个问题,但车辆有些问题会引发其他一些意想不到的故障,有时也很难解释。
检查步骤:
用电脑读取故障码为:P0171燃油修正(空燃比)系统电压低,意思简单理解为混合气过稀。引起混合气过稀的原因比较多,如进气压力或者流量传感器,水温传感器、进气管漏气、前氧传感器、碳罐电磁阀等等。一般处理这样的问题,首先排查碳罐电磁阀。因为简单方便容易检查,而且维修费用也低。
碳罐电磁阀工作原理图:
大家都知道汽油在高温下挥发性很强,车辆长时间停放时油箱里面的汽油会产生大量油气,现在的车辆为了追求节油环保,像这些油气都会被发动机吸入燃烧,吸的油气越多混合气越浓,电脑ECU会修正减少喷油量。
如下图:
油气通过管路进入活性碳罐的上部,新鲜空气则从活性碳罐下部进入活性碳罐。 发动机熄火后,油气与新鲜空气在罐内混合并贮存在活性碳罐中。当发动机启动后,装在活性碳罐与进气歧管之间电磁阀门打开,活性碳罐内的汽油气被吸入进气歧管参加燃烧。
胖哥重点说明,碳罐里面没有油气探测装置,电磁阀打开时间是由ECU电脑控制,程序也是提前写好的,不存在监测。而且电磁阀的打开是周期性,每次很短暂的几秒钟。
电磁阀的打开条件
- 发动机工作温度在70度左右。
- 碳罐电磁阀是周期性开启。
- ;碳罐电磁阀在满负荷时开启。
- ;碳罐电磁阀在减速时关闭。
- 碳罐电磁阀在熄火状态是关闭的。
维修步骤:
凯越拆下来的电磁阀,两端各连接碳罐和发动机进气歧管(节气门后方)。
12V的控制电压、
电磁阀的安装是有方向的,油气是由进气管产生的吸力吸入。
胖哥举列子说明:
一,碳罐电磁阀常开
a:常开会造发动机成怠速不稳定,外界气温很高的时发动机的怠速会在200转–900转之间窜动直至熄火(为混合气过浓)。
b:电磁阀坏了(漏气),在没打火前挥发的油气会提前进入发动机进气管,致使发动机内油气过多,可能会出现所谓的淹缸,会出现二次车辆启动困难。同时发动机控制单元还没有控制电磁阀工作,也就不会发出降低喷油量的指令,这样循坏下会造成热车混合气过浓。当电脑检测到混合气过浓时,又会减少喷油量,直到修正到上限,甚至混合气过稀等。
c:持续常开会造成油箱里面产生负压,油泵吸油困难,油表不准,车辆提速无力顿挫等。
二,碳罐电磁阀常闭(堵塞)
a:油箱的里面的油气会积压,特别是去加油站加油拧开油箱盖时,有一股很强的油气,呲呲~的持续约5、6秒才能放完。
b:油表下降的很快,在半箱油时最明显,油量与实际误差大。
c:车内出现汽油味。
d:车辆晒一会,出现启动困难。
测试电磁阀为了直观演示,胖哥在电磁阀的一端弄上洗衣粉泡沫,另一段用嘴巴吹气。经测试电磁关闭不严,存在漏气。实际表现为常开,但没有完全打开。
胖哥总结:在实际检查中,大家其实不需要这么麻烦。拔下电磁阀控制线,断开连接碳罐软管,在车辆启动状态下用手测试电磁阀是否有进气”滋滋”声,如果有说明电磁阀损坏。
欢迎大家咨询车辆维修二手车问题,喜欢的朋友可以点关注,后期有更多用车知识和大家分享。
原创文章,作者:cesifu,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.cesifu.com/article/51936.html
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