关于机油消耗：
其实发动机内部各摩擦副的高速运转，机油就一定会被消耗，这被称为 “机油的正常消耗”，而因为发动机的故障所引起的机油的泄露到气缸被燃烧被称为 “烧机油”。两者之间的区别就是机油消耗的量的多少。当发动机产生烧机油的时候，会产生气缸磨损加剧，尾气排放不达标，等等一系列危害，接下来就给大家详细的介绍一下发动机主要的机油消耗部位。
01
机油消耗的“大头”——缸套、活塞
活塞与活塞环以及缸套之间具有密封高温燃气和传递发动机燃烧功率的功能，因此必须具有良好的润滑，曲轴将机油飞溅到发动机各部位，活塞环每次下行时会将附在缸套上的机油刮下，但还是有部分机油会附在缸套上，参与缸内的燃烧而被消耗，这就是发动机机油消耗最大的一个原因。此外，一些发动机为了加强缸套活塞之间的润滑，减少磨损，会在缸壁表面加工出具有储存机油的花纹，这些花纹内能附着更多机油，每个做功行程内消耗的机油量会更多。
02 涡轮增压器轴承消耗机油
中大型的工程机械发动机大都采用涡轮增压的技术，而涡轮增压器工作转速在每分钟一万转甚至可以达到几十万转，而且涡轮增压器一般装在排气一侧，工作温度非常的高。所以涡轮增压器，需要采用浮动轴承，而浮动轴承需要良好的机油润滑，一般都是采用将机油泵送到轴承位置。由于废气涡轮增压器是依靠进排气的平衡压力密封润滑油的，因此，在启动和关闭机器时，总是要有少量的发动机机油漏出，这也就造成了发动机机油的消耗。
涡轮增压器工作原理图
03 气门与气门导管之间的机油消耗
对于发动机的构造可能大部分的朋友会比较的熟悉曲柄连杆，活塞，缸套，缸盖，等等但是气门和气门导管大部分会被忽略，其实这部分在工作时候也是高速运转的。
气门导管
气门和气门导管是发动机重要的配气结构，发动机的每个做功环节它们都要上下运动4次，所以这部分结构也需要良好的润滑。
气门及气门导管在发动机内的状态
虽然是有气门导管油封的存在，但是气门和气门导管的不断上下运动部分机油也会进入燃烧室或是在油封下部被高温蒸发参与燃烧或排气，这样也就造成了发动机机油的消耗。
04 发动机曲轴通气孔排出机油
其实发动机的活塞在做工冲程的时候，气缸内部的压力会非常的高，少部分的做工气体会通过活塞密封环泄露到曲轴箱，长时间活塞的往复运动，使得泄露出的气体会在曲轴通风箱产生高压，影响发动机功效，所以就发明了曲轴通风管，把产生气体在合适的时候排到进气道二次燃烧。
曲轴箱通气管
发动机工作的温度非常高，并且高速运转，这样就会有部分液态机油变为气态的“油雾”，在曲轴通气孔的“呼吸”作用下也会排出发动机，造成机油的消耗。
以上四个方面就是发动机机油消耗的主要原因，所以大家观念如果还停留在“机油不该少”的话，那就需要做一些改变了。
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