其实油箱除了较为重要的容量参数之外，它自身的材质更为重要。可能会有卡友不理解，会说油箱只是一个容器，只要不漏就行了，什么材质并没有什么讲究，但事实并不是这样。
铁质油箱 便宜易生锈
铁质油箱
铁质油箱在卡车上的使用时间非常长，从卡车刚一诞生就被使用。它最大的优点是价格便宜。其次铁质油箱强度足够高，可以经受非常强烈的冲击而不易破损，这对于长期奔波在路上，随时都会面对事故威胁的卡车来说非常重要。
生锈的油箱内部
凭借着质优价廉的特点，铁质油箱被广泛地使用在各种卡车上长达数十甚至上百年之久，直至现在还有不少车型在继续使用铁质油箱。但除了上述的优点，铁质油箱还有着更为致命的缺点，那就是抗腐蚀性能很差，容易生锈污染燃油。
被滤清器拦截的铁锈
正是因为这个缺点，铁质油箱目前已经基本被淘汰。因为发动机进入电控高压共轨时代以后，燃油系统越来越精密，燃油内稍微有些杂质就会导致昂贵的喷油器损坏甚至报废。
塑料油箱 适应性差
塑料油箱
塑料油箱又称复合材料油箱，它的优点是干净，绝对不会对燃油造成污染，所以非常适合装配电控发动机的车辆使用。当年解放曾大批量装配过塑料油箱，不过短暂的辉煌过后，它已经被基本放弃了，现在只有一部分轻卡在继续使用塑料油箱。
塑料油箱不能用明火烘烤
造成塑料油箱没能大规模普及的原因还是它本身，首先，我们国家地域辽阔气候分明，夏季炎热冬季严寒，塑料油箱对这种环境的多样性适应不是很好。
例如在极寒的温度下塑料油箱会一定程度的变脆，容易发生破损泄露的情况。另外塑料油箱不能用明火烘烤，导致冬季燃油凝冻的时候不能使用烘烤这种土办法应急自救，这一点曾被无数司机吐槽。
除了性能上的缺点，制造成本也是限制它发展的一个重要原因，因为塑料油箱是通过专用模具注塑制造出来的。随着车型越来越多，需要的油箱类型越来越多，车企不可能为每种车型都开发一套油箱模具，因为开发注塑模具价格非常贵，从经济成本上来说很不划算。
铝合金油箱 性能优异
铝合金油箱
说到铝合金油箱，相信很多人在选购车辆的时候，都听到过销售人员这样介绍：“我们的这款车是轻量化设计，装配了某某升容量的铝合金油箱。”事实真的如销售介绍的那样，铝合金材料的油箱是用来减重的吗？其实并不全是。
铝合金油箱相比铁质油箱最大的优点是耐腐蚀性能好，非常适合对燃油洁净度要求较高的高压共轨发动机使用。其次，铝合金油箱的制造过程也比较简单，用铝板冲压之后焊接起来就可以了，比制造塑料油箱简单很多。
制造油箱的铝合金卷材
最后，铝合金材质本身的延展性非常好，在受到外力撞击时，铝合金油箱即使变形非常严重，也不容易破裂漏油。凭借着这些优点，铝合金油箱已经基本代替了铁质油箱和塑料油箱成为了最理想的燃油储存装置。
钢铁、塑料、铝合金都是制造卡车不可或缺的材料，它们每发生一次变化都代表了一次技术的进步。随着科学技术的发展，我相信，未来制造卡车的材料肯定会更加丰富，性能也会更加优秀
原创文章，作者：cesifu，如若转载，请注明出处：http://www.cesifu.com/article/57897.html
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