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汽车维修技师，专业人员，陪你学习专业知识！
故障现象
一辆桑塔纳轿车在正常行过程驶中突然熄火再也不能启动。
维修过程
启动车发现有高压火可以听到油泵工作并且油管可以感觉到油压可以证明电控系统正常。
用二极管试灯测喷油信号，启动车时灯不亮，用试灯测喷嘴电源启动车时无电，直接检查油泵保险丝(在继电器盒左上方)，拆下发现保险丝烧坏。换上保险丝，一启动车保险丝又烧了，证明喷油嘴供电线路有搭铁现象。分析此车油泵保险丝给喷嘴、氧传感器及炭罐电磁阀供电，所以应检查这几个电控元件的供电线搭铁，(用断开法)在喷油嘴供电线上用试灯一端接供电线，另一端接火线，线路有搭铁时试灯亮，逐一断开各插头，接触到炭罐电磁阀插头时，试灯灭了，仔细检查发现插头处大线破皮与大架搭铁，用胶布包好后接上保险丝，试车一切正常。
故障总结
当遇到线路搭铁的故障时，首先分析搭铁的线路与哪些元件相连，用试灯接电源与搭铁的线路，试灯亮，然后用断开法进行维修。像熄火这种故障现象，不会经常发生的。
第二个案例
故障现象
一辆轿车怠速运转正常车辆起步后感到动力不足车身抖动类似缺缸的状态。
维修过程
在没有故障检测仪的情况下按常规的思路进行故障检测因为此车故障感觉类似缺缸的状态而导致缺缸不外乎点火、喷油和汽缸密封状况三方面因素。本着先易后难的原则首先检查火花塞的状况拆检发现第1缸的火花塞工作状况不好有燃烧不完全的迹象。但更换该缸火花塞、分缸线和分电器后故障依旧。由此故障检测的重点应转向第1汽缸的密封状况和喷油状况。
测量汽缸压力均符合要求;测量喷油器电压时发现第2 3 4缸喷油器发动机控制单元控制端子的电压约为0.3v而第1缸喷油器发动机控制单元控制端子的电压却为12V由此判定是第1缸喷油器控制线路存在与正极短路故障。经查发现该线路在从蓄电池固定架下面经过的部分有磨穿搭铁现象。用胶带将磨穿部分包好后故障排除。
故障总结
正常启动时车辆振动很小线路损坏部分不搭铁怠速正常;可在行走时车身就会产生振动造成搭铁并出现以上现象。
以上是两个故障案例分析，明天维修技师将继续为大家讲解汽车知识。
汽车维修技师，专业人员，陪你学习专业知识！
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