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智能网联汽车能够传输比以往更多的数据。从发动机性能到动态交通数据,汽车数据的收集、分析和处理都采用了新的方式,这些新方式可以在汽车制造商和车主之间建立更紧密的关系。例如,制造商可以通过空中升级技术(OTA)自动将这些更新推送到每一个需要更新的车型,而不是要求车主进入4S店进行娱乐系统的更新。
但是,预计到明年,将有超过2.5亿辆具备无线网络连接的汽车上路,汽车制造商面对大量的车辆接入、海量的汽车数据处理、更新交付以及和其他车辆通信等问题时已经感受到了压力。然而,轻量级的车联网消息传递协议(如MQTT)非常适用于要限制数据、经常断开连接或只希望在发动机运行时要联网的蜂窝联网汽车。本文将探讨通过车联网传递信息可以改变联网汽车的四种方式。
车辆维护和监控
消息传递为汽车制造商发送诊断和故障信息提供了一种方便的机制。不是显示维修指示灯,而是直接向汽车制造商发送一条消息,制造商可以与车主联系,讨论必要的维修和可用的服务预约。这不仅提高了故障车辆维修的时效性,而且有助于为驾驶员和道路上的其他人提供更安全的体验。车联网信息能够在汽车故障成为道路安全隐患之前将其暴露出来。
预防性分析以防止重大维修
当汽车需要修理时,通知制造商是一回事,但如果制造商能预测何时需要修理,那就完全是另一回事了。如下图所示,监控车辆上的油压始终在安全区域内。然而,简单的趋势分析表明,虽然仍在安全范围内,但似乎很快,压力可能会降至最低要求以下。通过分析诊断信息,可以通知车主即将发生的故障,以便在机油泵发生故障之前对车辆进行维修,从而可以降低发动机的维修成本。
分析不仅可以预测故障并节省较高的维修成本,而且相关数据还可以帮助确定故障的根本原因。在这种情况下,可以确定零部件供应商在哪个生产批次的油泵是否有缺陷。这种分析可以作为索赔的证据,也可以确定在发生重大故障之前召回的程度。
召回优化
一旦识别出车辆需要召回,并确定了问题的范围,就可以使用这些相同的预测分析来确定维修的优先级。在这个例子中,在出现灾难性的故障之前,需要一定的时间进行处理。因此,制造商可以在这个过程中及时获取需要更换的零件并处理召回,同时通知并优先处理出现问题的车辆。
OTA以及蜂窝网络的拥堵监测和缓解
空中升级技术(OTA)是更新汽车软件的有效方式,但它是一个非常粗糙的“封闭”系统。通过添加消息传递,不仅可以将更新请求向下推送到目标车辆,而且在下载的过程中,还可以向上发送状态消息。因此,汽车制造商可以监控单个车辆的更新状态并进行下载。
消息传递技术不仅可以监视软件下载的情况,还可以用于应用下载的细粒度控制。对于生活在城市的市民而言,上下班是用车的高峰期,这个时段如果要进行汽车的软件升级,软件的下载可能会集中出现在繁忙路段的少数基站上。传统上,下载活动会持续数月,以限制过度紧张的基站容量。相反,将汇总从汽车发送的数据以确定每个基站的容量需求。可以使用一个复杂的下载管理器发送控制消息来限制下载。因此,当超过基站容量目标时,下载速度可以减慢甚至暂停。
通过与移动运营商合作,汽车制造商可以处理拥堵反馈,以缩小原本繁忙的基站容量,并扩大原本休眠的基站容量。此外,关键下载可以优先于不太关键的下载。如下图所示,下载容量可以从繁忙的基站转移到更重要的下载。
为了实现上述目标,不管车辆在哪里,汽车制造商都需要能够访问一个全球的网络,该网络可以安全地连接到汽车,并在边缘实时、安全地传输数据。
车联网正在改变我们拥有和运营汽车的方式。通过跟踪和预测故障、协调召回和维修监控和控制下载,车联网消息传递将改变联网汽车的服务方式。
作者:李兆荣
来源:车联网周刊
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原创文章,作者:cesifu,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.cesifu.com/article/65781.html
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