如今除了一些南方地区之外,全国大部分地方都已经迎来了冬季,甚至很多车友们的家乡开始下起雪了。冰天雪地的景象虽美,但是对各位司大哥来说却也是一个严峻的考验。如今在冰雪中安全行驶,哪怕对于一些有过经验的北方老司机们来说也依然是个难题。或许有的人觉得只要“慢”一个字就能解决问题了。看似言简意赅,然而一旦真正上路,恐怕大家还是会惊心胆颤。今天我们就给大家讲一下,关于冰雪路面驾驶的一些技巧。
清扫积雪、检查全车
或许会有车友们感到疑惑,这有什么好强调的?然而千万不要小看上路前的全车检查,这是安全开车的第一步,很多看似无足轻重的细节,不知道在上路时什么突发情况下就会带来麻烦。譬如说清理积雪,千万不要以为,只是把挡风玻璃和后视镜上的积雪简单清理掉就完事了,一定要记住,车顶上、车牌上的也要清理干净,前者会在上路时不断流到车头遮挡视线,后者会被交警认定为遮挡号牌。
另外,雨刮器也是一个检查的要点,如果雨刮器被冻住、或者挡风玻璃上结了冰的话,最好不要直接开雨刮,强行使用会有烧毁雨刮电机的风险。此时可以先点火,打开空调热风,待雨刮器的结冰融化后再慢慢清理。另外,有后风挡加热功能的也要及时打开,等后窗的冰融化后再开后雨刮。
适当降低胎压、合理使用防滑链和雪地胎
除了检查车况之外,针对冰雪路况做一些调整,也是必要的上路准备。譬如在积雪比较深厚、松软的路面,适当降低轮胎的胎压,可以增大一些车轮与地面的接触面积,不容易发生雪地陷车。另外,使用防滑链也是一个不错的办法。不过切记,如果是经常有车流、积雪已经被压紧的情况下就不适合降低胎压了,这时候轮胎的抓地力反而会降低。而且轮胎放气后不能使用防滑链。面对压紧的积雪路面,使用专门的雪地胎会是个更好的办法。
降低车速、拉开车距、缓踩油门
做好准备之后,我们就可以上路了。在冰雪天驾驶,众所周知必须要遵守两大原则——稳和慢。冰雪路面最大的特点就是抓地变差,不但制动距离会变长,而且更容易打滑,所以急加速、急刹车都是忌讳的行为。这时候就需要更缓慢的驾驶风格了。所谓缓慢的驾驶风格,不单单是减速行驶,还包括了一些更保守的驾驶行为——尽量避免超车、无论起步还是加速都要缓踩油门、同时与前车拉开更大的安全距离,预留更多的制动空间。如果是手动挡的车型,起步或者换挡就要慢抬离合、缓加油,而且可以考虑用二档起步,利用离合半联动来调整动力。
利用点刹、发动机制动等技巧减速
抓地力不足,减速就会成为一个问题,除了制动距离变长之外,更大的隐患在于制动时车身跑偏、姿态失控。好在如今大部分的车型都标配了ABS,只需要用力踩踏板就可以保证比较合理的刹车力度。但是要注意,要使ABS处于最佳工作状态的话,就要保证四条轮胎的胎面花纹和胎压尽量相同,减小车身左右两侧的抓地差距,否则就算是有ABS也会容易发生制动时跑偏的问题。
如果你的车没有ABS的话,就需要“人肉模拟”ABS的点刹,缓慢减速,这样也可以提醒后方车辆及时减速以免造成追尾。如果制动时车身有跑偏的迹象,一定要先松开刹车,修正好方向盘稳住车身的前进方向。
另外,通过发动机制动来部分代替刹车减速是一个不错的办法,所谓的发动机制动,就是降低档位,利用发动机和传动系统的反拖效果来减速。
上下坡要更加小心
上下坡也是冰雪路面驾驶的一大难点,因为上坡时附着力减小,所以更容易打滑,可以在与前车拉开足够距离的情况下,提高一点车速冲上坡,避免半路打滑爬不上去。而且一定要避免在半坡上停车,以免发生往后溜车。下坡时就要更加谨慎了,尤其是刹车一定要慎用,一旦踩得太狠,车身姿态偏了就很难救车了。这时候一定要稳住方向盘,同时降低档位、稍微含着点油门,利用发动机的反拖效果减速。
进弯减速、缓打转向,控制好姿态
走冰雪路面,除了上下坡之外,最难的就是过弯了。因为附着力降低,过弯时候车身姿态失控的概率也会大大增加,要么就是推头冲出弯道,要么就是车子打滑乃至发生侧翻,所以进弯之前一定要提前减速,过弯时要缓慢转向、拉大过弯半径、提早回正。一旦有发生甩尾侧滑的迹象,一定要及时减油,并且适当反打方向,通过修正方向来控制车身姿态,千万不要一时心急直接踩死刹车,这样后果更严重。还有很重要的一点,就是过弯时要尽量离开弯道的外侧一定距离,一旦发生车身推头,也有足够的距离减速修正姿态。
中午看什么您说了算!如果您有什么感兴趣的、想知道的话题都可以通过文末留言告诉我们,我们会根据大家的话题进行筛选,在之后的文章中为您解答!
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