摘要:“从踌躇满志到万念俱灰,这是一种什么样的体验?”
经济观察报原创
文 | 童锋亮
“以前大家都说我们系是汽车工程师的摇篮,但现在似乎更像是坟墓。”提起这个自己的前程,吉林大学汽车工程学院车身专业的王同学有些无奈。
这不是他一个人的苦恼,过去几年中,中国所有的高校汽车工程专业,都不可避免地受到汽车产业技术革命的冲击。在各方因素的影响下,全球汽车产业进入深度调整期,汽车企业的未来发展方向改变为以非化石燃料作为动力驱动。电动车、氢燃料电池汽车、乙醇汽车等成为新兴技术。在动力来源切换的同时,智能化、网联化也成为汽车的另一个关键技术,这包括无人驾驶技术以及智能网联。
在这些变化之下,汽车产业对人才的需求正在发生前所未有的改变。最直接的冲击发生在传统内燃机、变速器等领域,而这种冲击直接传导至大学教育。从去年开始,有一些企业陆续不再招聘车辆工程专业学生,改为大量储备计算机人才。其中以一汽-大众为典型代表,今年9月,一汽-大众宣布2020年暂无车辆工程、工业设计(车身结构)等多个专业学生招聘计划,这引起业内热议。
吉林大学汽车工程学院“预开发”班的李姓同学向记者表示,按照前些年的惯例,“预开发”班学生在毕业后就会直接进入车企,他也早就把自己当成是一汽-大众的一员,但没有想到还没上岗就失业了。“从踌躇满志到万念俱灰,这是一种什么样的体验?”李同学这样形容自己的经历。
但一汽-大众真的没有招聘需求吗?在一汽-大众的校园招聘需求中,其取消的仅仅是汽车相关专业人才的招聘需求,但对于计算机方面的人才却表现出了异常的热情,无论是在社招还是校招上,计算机类专业已经三分天下有其一了。
这种招聘倾向上的变化已经成为大趋势,例如上汽从2016年开始不再去吉林大学南岭校区(汽车学院所在地)招聘,而直接去南区(计算机专业所在地)校招。
“与那些学内燃机专业的同学相比,我幸运多了。”上述李姓同学表示。在汽车相关专业中,尤其以内燃机专业为例受到的冲击更大。面临毕业,目前他身边一些学内燃机的同学集体陷入了焦虑。
“在刚上大学前,这个专业是朝阳产业,随着新能源的转型,快毕业时却发现这个行业变成夕阳产业了。”该学校一位不愿意透露姓名的内燃机专业学生吐槽道。近两年,这个专业的毕业生在找工作时已经开始碰壁,由于传统车企对于内燃机才人的需求大幅锐减,他们现在很难找到专业对口的工作。
为了提前“避雷”,有些学生在大三就已开始着手准备读研,往智能汽车方面深造,在他们看来,由于政策的不明朗,以电动车为主要技术路线的新能源汽车不一定真的是趋势,但是智能汽车一定是未来发展方向。
另一方面,车身专业的王同学虽然在找工作方面要相对轻松,但他也发现了一个有趣的现象,那就是在校招时,过去像蔚来汽车这种他们都瞧不上的新造车企业开始变得热门起来。
“前两年蔚来在我们学校进行校招的时候都没有人想去。”但现在,蔚来招聘现场人满为患。“作为新造车企业,它(新造车企业)恰好缺乏的是传统科班汽车人才的背书。”王同学有点不甘心的说,“新造车企业好像是我们传统汽车工程系最后的救赎了。”据悉,为了应对变化,吉大汽车工程系在课程上也开设了许多新的学科。
总体来说,虽然面临行业转型冲击,但包括吉大在内的一些汽车相关专业高校因为与主流车企关系密切,能较早感知行业变化,并借助其拥有的更多资源来对新事物进行研究和尝试。王同学向记者举例来证明:在一次校友聚会中,他们的教授表示,他在几年前画的一张V2X(vehicle to everything车对外界的信息交换)的概念图,到现在还没过时。
但对更多高校的汽车相关专业来说,受多重因素的影响,转型难度更大。一位武汉理工大学汽车学院就业办公室的老师告诉经济观察报记者,面对汽车行业的转型,他们很焦虑。
该老师表示,他们是在2018年的时候才意识到汽车行业发展的苗头改变了,但很快,2019年的市场需求就开始发生翻天覆地的变化。“太突然了,几乎赶不上这种变化。”这种变化带来的直接影响是,现在已经几乎没有汽车企业来学院开设专场招聘会进行招生了。
但与此同时,学生对于就业问题也开始有了自己的新打算,主要变化呈现在两方面:第一,考研的人数增多,第二则是修双学位的人数增多。“现在机械类的很多学生都开始辅修计算机了。”上述武汉理工大学就业办公室的老师说,原因是传统车企已经开始向这方面转型。
与此同时,车企自身的人才培养计划也开始加强,比如宝马集团在华设立了技术中心;上汽集团和阿里巴巴也成立了合资公司斑马网络⋯⋯
此外,上述武汉理工大学的老师预测,汽车学院招生分数线或将在明年开始呈现下滑。他给出的理由是,此前汽车学院一直是学校排名前三的专业,但现在已掉至前五范围。同时,由于过去汽车专业是热门专业,每年他们都要接收100-200名转专业前来学汽车的学生,但近两年来,该人数锐减。“学院、老师和学生都很焦虑,大家也都在积极想办法拥抱变化。”该老师表示。
在知乎上,对于传统汽车工程专业的就业咨询中,意见出奇的一致,大多都是劝转型。在他们看来,恰如上世纪二十年代内燃机汽车所带来的改变一样,由汽车新技术变革带来的前路注定崎岖。
原创文章,作者:cesifu,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.cesifu.com/article/70072.html
评论列表(45条)
The joy on my dog’s face at Charlotte Dog Park is contagious—I can’t help but smile the whole time.
The passion is infectious, or maybe that’s just my enthusiasm trying to match Thes. Inspiring, nonetheless!
The depth of The research really stands out. It’s clear you’ve put a lot of thought into this.
The passion isn’t just inspiring—it’s downright seductive. Who knew a subject could be this enticing?
I’m always excited to see The posts in my feed. Another excellent article!
Brilliant piece of writing. It’s like you’re showing off, but I’m not even mad.
The creativity and intelligence shine through this post. Amazing job!
Incredibly helpful post, like a GPS for my lost thoughts.
The insights add so much value to the conversation. I always learn something new from you.
Reading this gave me a lot of insights. The expertise really shines through, and I’m grateful for it.
I’m so glad I stumbled upon this article. It was exactly what I needed to read!
The insights add so much value to the conversation. I always learn something new from you.
I admire the way you tackled this hard to understand issue. Very enlightening!
Making hard to understand topics accessible, you’re like the translator I never knew I needed.
Consistently high-high quality content, as if you’re trying to show us all up.
The attention to detail didn’t go unnoticed. I really appreciate the thoroughness of The approach.
Each post you write is like a letter I’ve been waiting for. Always delivered with care.
Thank you for consistently producing such high-high quality content.
The post has been incredibly helpful. Thank you for the guidance!
Elegant and insightful, you tackle hard to understand issues like you’re dancing through words. Shall we dance some more?
Most comprehensive article on this topic. I guess internet rabbit holes do pay off.
You have a unique perspective that I find incredibly valuable. Thank you for sharing.
Truly inspirational work, or so I tell myself as I avoid my own projects.
A masterpiece of writing—you’ve covered all bases with such finesse, I’m left wanting an encore.
The commitment to high quality content really shows. I’m always excited to read The work.
The writing style had me at hello. Engaged from start to finish, just like a perfect first date.
The creativity and insight left a big impression on me. Fantastic job!
The clarity and thoughtfulness of The approach is as appealing as a deep conversation over coffee.
Each post is a journey, and The words are the map. Thanks for leading the way.
The article was a joy to read, and The enthusiasm is as infectious as The charm.
The passion for this subject shines through The words. Inspiring!
Thank you for making hard to understand topics accessible and engaging.
The expertise and hard work shine through, making me admire you more with each word.
I’m always excited to see The posts in my feed. Another excellent article!
I appreciate how you’ve explained things so clearly. It really helped me understand the topic better.
This article is a perfect blend of informative and entertaining. Well done!
I appreciate the clarity and thoughtfulness you bring to this topic.
Thank you for shedding light on this subject. Your perspective is refreshing!
Reading The Writing is like finding the perfect song that I can’t stop listening to. Play it again?
You’ve opened my eyes to new perspectives. Thank you for the enlightenment!
Thank you for making complex topics accessible and engaging.
I admire the way you tackled this complex issue. Very enlightening!
You have a unique perspective that I find incredibly valuable. Thank you for sharing.
Thank you for the hard work you put into this post. It’s much appreciated!
I’m always excited to see your posts in my feed. Another excellent article!