日前，工信部装备工业司发布了《关于2018年度推广应用新能源汽车补助资金预拨审核情况的公示》，作为2018年度新能源汽车补贴的首次清算，这次预拨付资金共计137.78亿元。按照工信部此前发布的2018年度新能源汽车推广应用补助资金初审结果，专家组核定的新能源汽车推广数为54万辆、占全年总销量四成来粗略计算，2018年发放的新能源汽车补贴总金额或将超过320亿元，相较上一年增长45%左右。
从获得此次预拨款的企业来看，比亚迪以36亿元再次位居第一，奇瑞排名第二，将获得13亿元的补贴款，上汽集团获补贴资金为11亿元排名第三，江淮和宇通则分别以9.6亿元、和9.1亿元紧随其后。
对于汽车企业来说，补贴资金的下发可谓至关重要，其已经成为了新能源汽车业务盈利的“大头”。以比亚迪为例，今年1~9月，比亚迪从官方获得的补贴为10.42亿元，占到了同期净利润的66%，而此次预拨付的36亿元，更是超过了其2018年全年的净利润（27.8亿元）。
“从普通小客车到大型客车，每销售一辆就能得到数万元乃至数十万元的补贴，甚至把车卖出去，不用投入运营就能盈利的‘过度补贴’也带来了一系列副作用。”一位业内人士毫不客气地指出，由于长期盯着补贴，政策如何调整，企业就往哪里走。部分企业压缩产品开发周期、降低生产成本，不注重掌握关键核心技术，只顾开拓低端市场，大大降低了企业积极参与国际竞争的动力，甚至有少数企业因此不断调整自己的战略发展方向，惟政策马首是瞻。从这一角度来看，补贴退坡势在必行。不少专家学者和整车企业都提出，新能源汽车补贴应该按照原计划，在2020年底完全退出。
但今年下半年，新能源汽车市场销量连续数月呈现下滑态势，又让不少人产生了担忧和疑问，补贴是否退得太急？国内目前新能源汽车市场是否已经做好了应对挑战的准备？对此，汽车技术情报研究所总工程师黄永和认为，新能源汽车市场产销下滑确实和补贴退坡有很大关系，但补贴退坡并不是主要因素，消费信心不足和燃油车降价促销才是主因。在黄永和看来，在后补贴时代，建立从研发、生产、购置到使用等方面的配套政策体系非常重要。
“确实有一部分企业认为退坡太急。但我们也听到有其他企业提出：补贴应该退。”工信部装备司副司长罗俊杰曾表示：“多补两年或许是好事，但永远补不出一个强大的新能源汽车产业。在起步阶段通过补贴发挥财政的支撑作用非常必要，但企业最终还是需要实现自身的‘强筋壮骨’，最终才能在风浪中奋力搏击，不惧挑战。”
附：2018年度新能源汽车推广应用审核信息表
相关链接：财政部提前下达2020年节能减排补助，新能源公交车运营补贴或将延续？
核准220亿元！核减24亿元！新一期新能源汽车补贴将发放！谁是最大赢家？
125.8亿元新能源补贴发放在即，有多少车企能顺利领取
文：施芸芸 编辑/版式：蔺天子
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