你可能已经看过Craigslist广告，卖家无意中写道他们的汽车有V-4引擎而不是直四引擎。在V-6和V-8很常见的世界中，这是一个可以理解的错误。但是，V-4不仅仅是一个印刷错误 – 它是一个真正的引擎。只是你不经常在汽车中它。
毫无疑问，摩托车骑手对V-4发动机非常熟悉，因为多年来许多摩托车制造商都提供了这款发动机。但很少有汽车制造商提供V-4 – 在战后时代，它仅仅出现在福特（为萨博提供发动机）和蓝旗亚。保时捷为919混合动力LMP1赛车使用了V-4，就这样。
正如Drivetribe的Mike Fernie所说，V-4很棒，因为它们相对较小。虽然它们当然比传统的直列四缸更宽，但V-4很短，因为一排只有两个气缸。它们的小尺寸也意味着它们非常坚硬，这对于919而言非常棒，因为它可以很容易地用作汽车底盘的受力构件。
你可能会认为V-4可能是非常不平衡和不精确的，但事实并非如此。它们相对较短的曲轴不会产生很多振动，并且如果气缸组间隔90度，则来自每个气缸组的主要力相互抵消，从而实现平稳运行。
问题是V-4非常复杂。与任何V型发动机一样，V-4需要两个气缸盖，两个排气歧管，两个气门系统，以及两个与直列四缸凸轮轴相同的凸轮轴。这意味着V-4开发成本高，而且制造成本高。蓝旗亚通过使用一个小的12度V角解决了这个问题，这意味着它只需要一个气缸盖。但是V-4的气缸组之间的角度小于90度，需要一个平衡轴，这就更复杂了。
因此，尽管有福特和蓝旗亚的实验，V-4从未在汽车中流行。在摩托车中，对于高端运动摩托车（如杜卡迪v4 Panigale）来说，额外的成本和复杂性是值得的，因为只有这么多的空间可以使用。对于919而言，V-4因其小巧的尺寸，高刚性和良好的燃油消耗而有意义。在发动机周围安装混合动力系统也很容易，保时捷为919设定了巨额预算，因此V-4的高成本不是问题。
原创文章，作者：cesifu，如若转载，请注明出处：http://www.cesifu.com/article/8703.html
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